ANNALS OF THE ACADEMYOF ROMANIAN SCIENTISTSSeries on ENGINEERING SCIENCESFoun<strong>din</strong>g Editor-in-ChiefGen.(r), Professor, M.D., Ph.D., Dr. H.C. Vasile CÂNDEAFoun<strong>din</strong>g, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsPresi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsCo-EditorProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Adrian Alexandru BADEAPresi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Technical Sciences Section of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsFull Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsSeries EditorProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Mircea DEGERATUFull Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsSeries Editorial BoardProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Petru ANDEA, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsDocent Ph.D. Eng. Masa BUKUROV, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Ion CHIUȚĂ, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Radu Mircea DAMIAN, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Jaroslav DUDRIK, Technical University of Košice, SlovakiaProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Stelian GĂLETUȘE, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Evelyne GEHIN, Paris 12 Val <strong>de</strong> Marne University, FranceProfessor Ph.D. Alain GÉRARD, Bor<strong>de</strong>aux 1 Sciences & Technologies University, FranceProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Adrian GHEORGHE, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USAProfessor Ph.D. K.T.V. GRATTAN, City University London, England,Full Member (Fellow) of The Royal Aca<strong>de</strong>my of Engineering, UKRes. Sci. Ph.D. Eng. Mircea GRECU, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USARea<strong>de</strong>r Ph.D. Kristine JURSKI, Paris 7 Denis Di<strong>de</strong>rot University, FranceProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Teodor LEUCA, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Florea OPREA, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Valentin PAU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Florin POPENȚIU-VLĂDICESCU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>nScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Mircea POPOVICIU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsAstronaut Ph.D. Eng. Dumitru Dorin PRUNARIU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Anghel STANCIU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Yukio TOMITA, Hokkaido University of Education, JapanProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Nicolae ȚĂRANU, Full Member of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsProfessor Ph.D. Eng. Miron ZAPCIU, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, <strong>Romania</strong>Chief of Department: Mihai CĂRUȚAȘU, Eng., Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists Publishing HouseRedactor: Andrei D. PETRESCU, Physicist, Ph.D. Eng., Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists Publishing House,Professor at National College “Gheorghe Lazăr”; University „Politehnica” of BucharestDocumentalist: Ioan BALINT, Eng., Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists Publishing House, BucharestThis series is published by the sectionTechnical Sciences of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n ScientistsCopyright © Editura Aca<strong>de</strong>miei <strong>Oamenilor</strong> <strong>de</strong> Știință <strong>din</strong> România, <strong>2011</strong>Watermark Protected
3FOREWORDBased on a rich scientific tradition, the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of<strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists (ARS) is the continuator and theunique heir of the <strong>Romania</strong>n Aca<strong>de</strong>my of Sciences (1936-1948). Then, together with the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of MedicalSciences and the <strong>Romania</strong>n Aca<strong>de</strong>my, it was inclu<strong>de</strong>d (byDecree of the Great National Assembly) into the Aca<strong>de</strong>myof the <strong>Romania</strong>n Popular Republic, with Aca<strong>de</strong>micianTraian Savulescu as presi<strong>de</strong>nt.In 1956, Aca<strong>de</strong>mician Traian Savulescu, togetherwith other scientists and members of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my, createdthe Association of the <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists, as a partialcompensation for the disappearance of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of<strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists. In 1996, at the first NationalCongress of the <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientists (with internationalparticipation) the <strong>de</strong>nomination Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>nScientists was readopted, with the same acronym and thesame statute as in 1936.By the Decree 52, from January 12, 2007, ARS wasrecognized as an institution of public interest, situatedbetween the <strong>Romania</strong>n Aca<strong>de</strong>my and the specializedAca<strong>de</strong>mies and enjoying the status of chief accountant ofpublic funds.The Annals of the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of <strong>Romania</strong>n Scientistsreappeared and continued, during 2006-2007, the traditionfrom 1936, with one volume every year. Starting with2008, the Annals are published observing theinternationally recognized standards as several in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntseries, for each section of ARS.Despite their great diversity, all published papersmust have something in common. They will be assessed byCopyright © Editura Aca<strong>de</strong>miei <strong>Oamenilor</strong> <strong>de</strong> Știință <strong>din</strong> România, <strong>2011</strong>Watermark Protected