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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and Perspectives1. INTRODUCTIONThe presented project was initiated by the SWIM 23 working group (organizing committee)and will be implemented in a project of the Department of Geosciences of the University ofBremen.Six out of 17 active waterworks of the public water utility HAMBURG WASSER arethreatened by saltwater intrusion. A sustainable use of these waterworks requires extensiveknowledge of the hydrogeological situation, particularly the salt water intrusion processes aswell as an adapted well field management. Insufficient knowledge or inadequate welloperation or both lead to critical situations and in the worst-case scenario to complete failureof the well field due to salt water intrusion.The Hamburg Authority of Urban Development and Environment is the approving authorityfor water abstraction in Hamburg. Especially at sites threatened by salt water intrusion, it isessential for the approving authority to have a reliable basis for decisions concerning thesustainability of water abstraction. In this regard, the Geological Survey of Hamburg isdeveloping a three-dimensional geological model for the metropolitan region of Hamburg.2. APPROACHANDRESULTSOne of the most important basics for the technical assessment of groundwater extraction is acomprehensive and regularly operated groundwater monitoring network. The monitoringnetwork delivers more or less highly resolved, mostly steady-state, two dimensional data ofthe salinization in the catchment of the affected well field (fig. 1, 2). To ensure a stable solutetransport in groundwater, being mandatory for permanent groundwater abstraction in areasaffected by salt water intrusion, this information is insufficient. The crucial transition zone ofsaltwater to freshwater has a complex three-dimensional structure that requires at least athree-dimensional model, considering the temporal component, even a four-dimensionalmodel. The basic principle is a depth-oriented analysis of all available groundwater datacombined with, e.g., extensive geoelectrical data including an adequate spatial presentation ofthe results. This approach is currently established for a selected area in the Vier- andMarschlande region of Hamburg. One of the largest waterworks of HAMBURG WASSER islocated in this region, abstracting 15% of the total discharge of the utility from a deep aquiferpartly affected by salt water intrusion. In the current survey archived data of the waterworksand the authorities are screened for neglected drill data. All data useful for the spatial analysisof salt water distribution are assessed e.g., geophysical logs, analysis data, measurements ofconductivity and temperature as well as airborne electromagnetic data. This requires theapplication of various software packages for three-dimensional structural analysis (GOCAD),for drill data collection and analysis (GeoDIN) as well as standardized data bases.In the subsurface of Hamburg region several salt diapirs are present (fig. 1). These salt domesdiffer in the vertical distance from top of the dome to the ground surface (fig. 1, 2).Dissolution of salt leads to saline groundwater. The geological strata Hamburg Clay andLower Hydrous Mica Clay represent important aquitards at the study site (fig. 3). Aquitardwindows may lead to upwelling of groundwater. The buried valleys, formed by meltingwaters during late Ice Age, exhibit preferential flow paths of groundwater. Figure 3 displays ageological cross section in the vicinity of the waterworks of Curslack. Within the exploitedaquifer some extraction wells are already underlain by saline groundwater.110
22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesFig. 1: Area of the city of Hamburg including the investigation area at the south-east, the monitoring wells withrespect to the degree of salinization of groundwater and the well field of the waterworks Curslack.111
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SWIM22 - 22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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Local Supporting Organizing TeamMar
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Peter StuyfzandKiwa Water Research,
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PrefaceWelcome to the 22 nd Salt Wa
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SUMMARYKeynote Lectures pg 13Coasta
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Groundwater hypersalinization in a
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Hydrostratigraphic Study of Itaipua
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Keynote Lectures
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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting:
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Effects of sea levelrise and climat
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Hans Sulzbacher 1 ; Helga Wiederhol
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Resistivity [Ωm]0.1 1 10 100 10000
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2. METHODS Figure 1a.
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4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSREFERE
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METHODS 51
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
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New approaches onmodelling (general
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Ruben Caljé 1 ; Frans Schaars 1 ;
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Figure 2: The modeled interface dep
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Selected case studies
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF DAR ES SALAAM Q
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1. INTRODUCTION 2. HYDROGEOCHEMI
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1,61,41,210,80,60,40,20H-3 (TU)Luiz
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Saltwater intrusionsAquifer partly
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U4Quakenbrück212
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Understanding of salinewater hydrod
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Marie Perriquet 1,2 ;Tiernan Henry
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTREFERENCES234
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1. INTRODUCTION2. EXAMPLE: UPCONING
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REFERENCES256
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Figure 1. Computed density and mole
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Depth (m)22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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