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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesBEACH GROUNDWATER OVERHEIGHT IN REGIONAL GROUNDWATERFLOW STUDIESPAUW, P. S.; Van Der ZEE, S.E.A.T.M.; OUDE ESSINK, G.H.P.pieterpauw85@gmail.comDELTARES; WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITYAbstract. Large parts of the coast of the Western Netherlands are subjected to structuralmarine and eolian erosion. In order to safeguard a robust coastal defense, the shoreline isartificially preserved using beach and nearshore sediment nourishments. This practice islikely to increase in the future in order to cope with the relative sea level rise that has beenprojected for the Netherlands. Moreover, additional nourishments can be expected fromfuture plans of artificial coastline progradation, which have been defined in 2008. Shorelineprogradation results in an expansion of the coastal dune area, which renders great addedvalues to society such as increased space for recreation, water supply and naturedevelopment. In 2011, a field pilot study of a mega-nourishment of approximately 20 Mmstarted near the city of The Hague. Shore-parallel transport of this sediment will result in agradual progradation of the shoreline for the next 10 years. Artificial coastline progradationin the Netherlands influences the regional dune groundwater flow system. The quantificationof the hydrological impacts necessitates an accurate representation of the seaward boundary.Regional numerical groundwater studies have generally neglect beach groundwater flow andassumed a static seaward boundary condition. Amongst others, an oscillating sea level andthe presence of sloping beach results in hydraulic heads at the beach that are on averagehigher then the mean sealevel. This phenomenon is known as beach groundwater overheight.Beach groundwater overheight is controlled by the tidal range, hydraulic conductivity of thebeach sediments and the beach slope. Neglecting this process in regional coastalgroundwater flow studies seems reasonable if the scale of the problem is large or when theoverheight is insignificant, but is questionable when the groundwater flow system reachessmaller scales and the overheight is large. The objective of this study is to determine underwhich circumstances beach groundwater flow should be taken into account regional coastalgroundwater flow studies. The numerical density dependent flow and solute transport codeSEAWAT is used to construct models simulating regional coastal groundwater flow. Thesemodels are used to determine under which circumstances beach groundwater flow should beincorporated. Preliminary results of these models will be presented.Keywords: beach groundwater table overheight; coastal dunes170
22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesCALIBRATION OF A DENSITY DEPENDENT MODEL OF A SYSTEM FORAQUIFER THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE, BASED ON THE MEASUREDDATA OF A HEAT INJECTION SYSTEMSMITS, F.J.C.; OLSTHOORN. T. N.; CALJÉ, R. J.frank.smits@waternet.nlWATERNET & TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DELFTAbstract. Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems store cold and warm water inorder to use it for climate control of buildings at a later time. Groundwater is pumped up tocool a building during summer and the warmed-up water is injected into another well, to forma warm bubble in the aquifer. The flow is reversed during the winter season, and water fromthe warm bubble is used to heat the building. The cooled water is injected in the other well toform a cold bubble for next summer. ATES is being used more frequently in the Netherlandsin the last years, caused by the increased demand for sustainable energy and the rising costsfor conventional energy. Large buildings have their own system, but for smaller buildings thisis not profitable. To let smaller buildings also profit from ATES, Waternet works in thehistoric centre of Amsterdam on a project to install a collective system, with at least sixconnected buildings. A heat injection system was operated at this location from 1989 to 1999to cool a data center. Two wells extracted cold water from the upper part of the aquifer andthe warmed-up water was injected with three wells in the lower part of the aquifer. Thegroundwater was only pumped in one direction, which caused the aquifer to be subject ofthermal pollution. The warm plume reached the cold wells after a couple of months ofpumping. The cold wells were warmed-up too much after four years, so it was decided to drillanother cold well, farther away from the injection wells. In 1999 this new well also warmeduptoo much, and the system was abandoned. This system was modeled with SEAWAT, withthe discharges and the temperatures of the injection wells as boundary conditions. Themeasured temperatures of the abstraction wells were used to calibrate the model with PEST.Model results depended on both temperature differences and the differences in saltconcentration between the upper and lower parts of the aquifer. The presentation will show: -measurements of a system of heat injection, - that differences in density caused by differencesin both temperature and salt concentration can be important when modeling thermal systems,- that a system for heat injection can spoil the aquifer for a long period, - that it is importantto balance the injected amount of heat and cold in the aquifer to keep ATES systemssustainable, - that PEST helped with optimizing the model, - that the model improvedunderstanding of the important processes.Keywords: groundwater; heat injection system; thermal pollution; Aquifer Thermal EnergyStorage (ATES); sustainable energy; differences in temperature; differences in saltconcentration; differences in density; SEAWAT; MFLAB; PEST171
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SWIM22 - 22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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Local Supporting Organizing TeamMar
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Peter StuyfzandKiwa Water Research,
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PrefaceWelcome to the 22 nd Salt Wa
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SUMMARYKeynote Lectures pg 13Coasta
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Groundwater hypersalinization in a
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Hydrostratigraphic Study of Itaipua
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Keynote Lectures
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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting:
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Effects of sea levelrise and climat
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Hans Sulzbacher 1 ; Helga Wiederhol
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Resistivity [Ωm]0.1 1 10 100 10000
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2. METHODS Figure 1a.
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4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSREFERE
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METHODS 51
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
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2. RESULTS, HOW TO GET THERE AND WH
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STUDY OF THE SALTWATER-FRESHWATER I
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4. DISCUSSION5. CONCLUSIONS67
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Hydrogeochemical and isotopicmethod
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Figure 1 Location map of study area
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Therefore, it was clarified that th
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GROUNDWATER HYPERSALINIZATION IN A
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
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Marie Perriquet 1,2 ;Tiernan Henry
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTREFERENCES234
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1. INTRODUCTION2. EXAMPLE: UPCONING
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Figure 1. Computed density and mole
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Depth (m)22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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