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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesREFERENCESBarlow, P.M., Reichard, E.G., 2010. Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America.Hydrogeology Journal, 18(1): 247–260.Bocanegra, E., Cardoso da Silva, G. Jr., Custodio, E., Manzano, M., Montenegro, S. 2010.State of knowledge of coastal aquifer management in South America. HydrogeologyJournal, 18(1): 261–267.Calaforra, J.M., 2004. The main karstic aquifers of southern Europe. European Commission,Directorate–General for Research, EUR 20911 (Cost Action 621), EC, Brussels, 123 pp.Custodio, E., 2010a. Coastal aquifers of Europe: an overview. Hydrogeology Journal, 18(1):269–280.Custodio, E., 2010b. Overview of saline water problems in small volcanic islands. Proc. 21Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM–21). Universidade das Açores, Ponta Delgada, SãoMiguel.Custodio, E., Llamas, M.R. 1976. Hidrología subterránea [Groundwater hydrology].Ediciones Omega. Barcelona, 2 Vols., 1–2350 [Chap. 13].Custodio, E., Bruggeman, G.A., 1987. Groundwater problems in coastal areas. Studies andReports in Hydrology, 45. UNESCO, Paris, 596 pp.Edmunds, W.M., Milne, C.J. 2001. Palaeowater in coastal europe: evolution of groundwatersince the late Pleistocene. Geological Society (London), S.P. 189: 313–327.Falkland, A. (ed.), 1991. Guide on the hydrology of small islands. Studies and Reports inHydrology no. 49. UNESCO, Paris, 435 pp.FAO, 1997. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: guidelines for study, monitoring andcontrol. FAO Water Reports 11. Food and Agriculture Organization. Roma: 1–163.Fleury, P., Bakalowicz, M., de Marsily, G., 2007. Submarine springs and coastal karstaquifers: a review. J. Hydrol. 339: 79–92.Herrera, Ch., Custodio, E., 2008. Conceptual hydrogeological model of volcanic Easter Island(Chile) after chemical and isotopic surveys. Hydrogeology Journal, 16(7): 1329–1348.Kooi, H., Groen, J., Leijnse, A., 2000. Modes of sewater intrusion during transgressions.Water Resour. Res., 36(12): 3581–3589.Niñerola, J.M., Queralt, E., Custodio, E., 2009. Llobregat delta aquifer. In: Quevauviller, P.,Fouillac, A–M., Grath, J., Ward, R. (eds). Case Studies for Groundwater Assessment andMonitoring in the Light of EU Legislation. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 289–301.16
22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesCRYSTALLISATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTION OF SALTWATER INTRUSION: LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR FEASIBILITYTESTINGWALRAEVENS, Kristine 1 ; VANDE CASTEELE, Karel 1 ; VAN CAMP, Marc 1 ;MARTENS, Kristine 1 ; ZIEGENBALG, Gerald 2kristine.walraevens@ugent.be1. Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan281-S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.2. IBZ-Salzchemie GmbH & Co.KG, Chemical and Geochemical Consultancy,Gewerbepark “Schwarze Kiefern”, 09633 Halsbrücke, GermanyAbstract. Salt water intrusion is a major problem in coastal areas worldwide. In many cases,salt water intrusion is the result of overexploitation of fresh water aquifers. The equilibriumbetween fresh and saline water is disturbed. Groundwater recovery leads to a pronouncedincrease in the migration of saline water into fresh water horizons. Up to now, only limitedpossibilities are given to prevent salt water intrusion. The most effective one is thedevelopment and application of water management systems allowing a sustainable use of thefresh water. The implementation of hydraulic barriers by injection of fresh or brackish wateris another strategy. Still another possibility is the construction of physical barriers. Such amethod, however, is extremely expensive with the existing technologies, such as cementgrouting or slurry wall construction, or cannot be realized due to technical problems.Grouting of fine-grained materials is more or less impossible with the existing groutmaterials. In this case, the building of the barrier typically involves the excavation of atrench, which subsequently is filled with a concrete/bentonite mixture. Injection of a solution,having comparable density and viscosity as water, with the objective of causing precipitationat some distance from the well, has only been practised in very specific cases. In theframework of the European CRYSTECHSALIN project (EC-project EVK1-CT-2000-00055), atechnology was proposed by which an oversaturated gypsum solution is injected, in order tocause grouting of the sediment. The solution is temporarily stabilized by addition of aprecipitation inhibitor; the key point is to cause the precipitation at a certain time afterinjection, when the solution has travelled a certain distance from the well. With the aim oftesting feasibility and performance of the grouting, a series of laboratory experiments havebeen executed. This paper comments on a selection of these tests, which after grouting, havebeen subjected to digital image analysis.Keywords: crystallisation technologies; gypsum barrier17
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Hydrogeochemical and isotopicmethod
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Figure 1 Location map of study area
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Therefore, it was clarified that th
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GROUNDWATER HYPERSALINIZATION IN A
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
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GROUNDWATER ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE IN
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New approaches onmodelling (general
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Figure 2: The modeled interface dep
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Selected case studies
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF DAR ES SALAAM Q
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1,61,41,210,80,60,40,20H-3 (TU)Luiz
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Saltwater intrusionsAquifer partly
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Understanding of salinewater hydrod
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTREFERENCES234
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1. INTRODUCTION2. EXAMPLE: UPCONING
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Figure 1. Computed density and mole
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