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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesHOW TO DETERMINE A ‘RELIABLE’ 3D FRESH-BRACKISH-SALINEDISTRIBUTION IN DATA-RICH COASTAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEMSOUDE ESSINK, G.; VAN BAAREN, E.; DE LOUW, P.; FANECA-SANCHEZ, M.Hgualbert.oudeessink@deltares.nlDELTARESPO Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, The NetherlandsAbstract. In especially deltaic areas, groundwater systems often contain complex freshbrackish-salinedistributions. As groundwater flow is a slow phenomena, evenpaleohydrogeographical processes and anthropogenic activities of centuries ago still affectthe fresh-brackish-saline distribution in the system. The processes on different time scales,such as trans- and regressions during Holocene times, past sea level rise, differentiated landsubsidence, salt water wedges via surface water and excessive groundwater extractions areall affecting this distribution, and make it more diverse and complex. This fresh-brackishsalinedistribution is a important input in coastal groundwater studies to assess the impacts ofglobal (human) activities and climate change, but it is difficult to determine. The danger ofusing only one fresh-saline interface is considered, in fact: only one interface is rather poorin handling future fresh water demands. In this paper we discuss one specific procedure tocreate a reliable 3D fresh-brackish-saline distribution in a data-rich coastal groundwatersystem. The study area is in the Province of Zeeland, The Netherlands, which possesses anenormous amount of geophysical and hydrological data. It is a complex setting with quickpaleohydrogeographical changes which (partly) cause the rough salinity pattern. Numeroustypes of data, such as samples (since 1850), VES, Borehole data, CPT, EM31, TEC, etc arecombined with an estimated fresh-brackish interface. Samples will show trends of salinisationand freshening; unfortunately, the samples are more reliable than VES but often lesscommon. Ultimately, a numerical 3D variable density groundwater flow and coupled solutetransport model is used to significantly improve the 3D fresh-brackish-saline distribution, aswe believe a model is a good interpolator to create optimal distribution. Verification andcalibration with (other) geophysical data (o.a. Airborne HEM) will be shown to quantify thematch between field and model, and the capacity to predict trends in samples will bediscussed.Keywords: deltaic areas, procedure, 3D fresh-brackish-saline distribution, geophysics,modelling122
22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Salt Water Intrusion in Aquifers: Challenges and PerspectivesGAINING THE NECESSARY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND GEOCHEMICALUNDERSTANDING FOR ADDITIONAL BRACKISH GROUNDWATERDEVELOPMENT, COASTAL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, USADanskin, Wesley R.wdanskin@usgs.govUnited States Geological Survey4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92101, USAAbstract. Local water agencies and the United States Geological Survey are using acombination of techniques to better understand the scant freshwater resources and the muchmore abundant brackish resources in coastal San Diego, California, USA. Techniques includeinstallation of multiple-depth monitoring well sites; geologic and paleontological analysis ofdrill cuttings; geophysical logging to identify formations and possible seawater intrusion;sampling of pore-water obtained from cores; analysis of chemical constituents including traceelements and isotopes; and use of scoping models including a three-dimensional geologicframework model, rainfall-runoff model, regional groundwater flow model, and coastaldensity-dependent groundwater flow model. Results show that most fresh groundwater wasrecharged during the last glacial period and that the coastal aquifer has had recurringintrusions of fresh and saline water. These intrusions disguise the source, flowpaths, andhistory of ground water near the coast. The flow system includes a freshwater lens resting onbrackish water; a 100-meter-thick flowtube of freshwater discharging under brackishestuarine water and above highly saline water; and broad areas of fine-grained coastalsediment filled with fairly uniform brackish water. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygenindicate the recharged water flows through many kilometers of fractured crystalline rockbefore entering the narrow coastal aquifer.Keywords: Brackish groundwater, monitoring wells, geochemistry, models, management123
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SWIM22 - 22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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Local Supporting Organizing TeamMar
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Peter StuyfzandKiwa Water Research,
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PrefaceWelcome to the 22 nd Salt Wa
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SUMMARYKeynote Lectures pg 13Coasta
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Groundwater hypersalinization in a
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Hydrostratigraphic Study of Itaipua
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Keynote Lectures
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22 nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting:
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Effects of sea levelrise and climat
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Hans Sulzbacher 1 ; Helga Wiederhol
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Resistivity [Ωm]0.1 1 10 100 10000
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2. METHODS Figure 1a.
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4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSREFERE
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METHODS 51
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
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2. RESULTS, HOW TO GET THERE AND WH
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STUDY OF THE SALTWATER-FRESHWATER I
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4. DISCUSSION5. CONCLUSIONS67
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Hydrogeochemical and isotopicmethod
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Ruben Caljé 1 ; Frans Schaars 1 ;
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Figure 2: The modeled interface dep
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Selected case studies
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF DAR ES SALAAM Q
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1. INTRODUCTION 2. HYDROGEOCHEMI
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1,61,41,210,80,60,40,20H-3 (TU)Luiz
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Saltwater intrusionsAquifer partly
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U4Quakenbrück212
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Understanding of salinewater hydrod
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Marie Perriquet 1,2 ;Tiernan Henry
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTREFERENCES234
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1. INTRODUCTION2. EXAMPLE: UPCONING
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REFERENCES256
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Figure 1. Computed density and mole
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Depth (m)22 nd Salt Water Intrusion
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