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INFORME ALTERNATIVO SOBRE LA SALUD EN AMERICA LATINATo Occupy, Resist and Produce:Towardsa Definition of the Self-Managed CompanyThe deepening of the economical crisis and theprocesses of deindustrialization prompted by the systematicapplication of neoliberal policies in Argentinalead to the newest of social phenomena: the recoveringby the workers of nearly 200 bankrupt and abandonedcompanies. The recuperated and self-managedcompanies are the creative expression in front ofunemployment and its devastating effects.The processes of recuperation and self-managementemerged spontaneously in distinct locations ofthe country. Subsequently, they have grouped themselvesaccording to diverse strategies and modes of organization:the National Movement of RecoveredCompanies, the National Federation of Cooperativesof Work in Reconverted Companies, and the NationalCommission of Solidarity with the Occupied Factories.The term self-managed company relates to theundertakings comprised in a model of organization inwhich the articulation and the economical activitiesare combined with property and/or accessibility to capitalgoods and work and with the democratic participationin management of its members. This modelpromotes the cooperation of the collective of workersin the productive and administrative activities.The productive self-management is the extension ofthe principle of participative democracy to the productivedominium. In this sense, it would be insufficientthat workers simply occupied or possessed acompany; it is necessary that they hold the technicaland economical knowledge which would allow themto make it function.Even if it is all about heterogeneous experiences,with different models of organization and distinct levelsof development, it is still possible to recognizecommon features:● The capital integrally distributed among the membersof the organization● Control of the power of decision and the managementof the companies by the workers● The right of workers to vote and be voted for anyposition, inclusively a directing position●The existence of democratic mechanisms of managementand definition in assemblies of issues such as:policies of remuneration, disciplinary, of human resources,forms of organization of production, anddestination of results and surplus● Integral development, which endeavors sustainability,economical equity and social responsibilitySome Characteristics ofSelf-Managed Companies in ArgentinaIn present Argentina, diverse types of self-managedcompanies exist, organized under different juridicalforms: cooperatives, anonymous societies, of limitedresponsibility and other commercial.Towards the end of 2004, more than 300 companieswere registered, which employed approximately32.000 workers, and a significant number were beingdisputed, among others the Gatic company, which employed5.000 workers from several provinces.Consistent with data from the study center VoxPopuli, 86% of the recovered companies are part ofthe industrial sector; 12,3%, of the services sector; and1,7%, of the area of primary production.In relation to the existing capacity of production,48% of the recovered companies are producing a volumethat oscillates between 10% and 29% of their maximumpotential, 36% produce between 30% and 59%of their capacities, and 16%, to 60% or more of theircapacities.258
Observatorio Latinoamericano de Salud.Regarding the levels of employment, the companiesthat retain the same amount of workers and theones that had to reduce their roster are equivalent:each sector represents 40,4% of the totality, while15,8% incorporated new workers starting from thedevelopment of the productive self-management.The two companies of Zanón and Pauny havedistinct models that constitute examples of feasibilityof this alternative mode. The first, located in the ArgentineanPatagonia, has recovered its leadership inthe pottery market and develops an interesting processof cooperation with the "mapuche" communitieswho participate in the elaboration of designs for thenew lines of production.Pauny, alternatively, assumed the position of leadingcompany in the production of tractors. Startingoff with the assignment of reconditioning a single tractor,it rapidly overtook to produce 45 tractors monthlyand, at present, this quantity has increased to 70. Itsworkers earn the wage established in the collectiveagreement of the sector and, moreover, they have alreadydistributed the first profits.From Non-Salaried Work toProductive Self-Management:Some QuestionsThe experiences of recovering and self-managementof companies in Argentina put forward an unheardof problem, one which challenges creativity andthe capacity of innovation of whom are involved.From our focus on specifically health and work, wewould like to propose a set of questions that functionas the motors of our practices of intervention and research.The first has to do with the general orientationof the processes of productive self-management: is itpossible to think of them as processes of fragmentaryre-composition of the industrial model previous toneoliberalism, or is it about the experiences of economicalinnovation that implicate productive dynamics,which transcend neoliberalism?Another question related to the first deals withthe organizational models that collective managementadopts: does the latter produce figures of stable leadershipof traditional nature or does it develop complexmulti-referential processes which, in a context ofconstant change, allow the company to respond in aflexible manner, reshaping its internal organization in linewith the turbulences of its environment?The third question is connected with the processof intellectualization of work that self-managementrequires: which type of devices favors the developmentof collective intelligence and the joint elaborationof strategies?The fourth question is directly linked to the managementof health and the working hazards: doesproductive self-management sponsor the developmentof a model of epidemiological monitoring self-appliedto health and working security, or does it support amodel of delegation of health care, as does the hegemonicmedical model?The fifth question refers to the modes of articulationamid distinct experiences of social economy: isit possible to combine the resolution of quotidian problemsthat every experience of this sort entails withthe constitution of a new strategic temporality inwhich the sharing of inventions locally produced, theimplementation of projects of cooperation among variousproductive units, and the design of policies ofcommon action in relation to the range of governmental,commercial and financial organizations is possible?The sixth question concerns the subjectivityproblem: which devices and by what means and operationsis the subjective figure produced (the self-managedworker or the freelance worker) and capable ofdeveloping the objective production in a recovered259
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PEOPLE’S HEALTH ASSEMBLY 2GLOBAL
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LATIN AMERICAN HEALTH WATCHAlternat
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"Our elders taught us that the cele
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12. Neoliberalism, Pesticide Use an
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1Alternative Health Report :A Tool
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Observatorio Latinoamericano de Sal
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Monopoly,Inequity and Health
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INFORME ALTERNATIVO SOBRE LA SALUD
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3The Right to Health and the Free T
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Institutionalizationof Violenceand
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EconomicFundamentalism,Legal Regres
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Life and Healthas Commodities
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Cultural Agresi nUniculturality and
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Biodiversity:Destructionand Monopol
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Section II:THAT OTHER HEALTH POSSIB
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