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INFORME ALTERNATIVO SOBRE LA SALUD EN AMERICA LATINAmissing people. 1961-Cuba, the U.S.A. contractedmore than 1,500 mercenaries to devastate thetriumphant revolution in Playa Girón. 1965-DominicanRepublic, the U.S.A. assassinated 3,000 peopleand overthrew the government that intended toemerge after the 30-year dictatorship of Trujillo, thebloodiest of the Caribbean. 1973-Chile, the U.S.A.carried out a coup against president Allende, resultingin the death of 17,000. 1976-Argentina, theU.S.A. established terror with more than 30,000murders, a terror which had "Operación Cóndor",an international system for coordinating the repressionof all Latin-America. 1983-Granada, 5,000 USmarines invaded the island and subdued the populationusing bayonets. 1980/90-Nicaragua, the governmentof the U.S.A. was responsible for thedeaths of more than 60,000 residents, creating theinternal war with the aid of the contras. 1980/90-ElSalvador, the U.S.A. supported the war with morethan 80,000 brutal deaths; the massacres terrorizedthe entire region. 1989-Panama, the U.S.A. invadedthe country on Christmas and slaughtered morethan 8,000 people to capture president Noriega,who had been a member of the CIA and had collaboratedwith the drug dealers under the orders ofthe U.S.A and was now accused of being a drug dealerhimself. 1991-Haiti, the U.S.A. supported thecoup against elected president Aristide and killedmore than 4,000 Haitians. 2001-Venezuela, theU.S.A. organized the coup against elected presidentChávez. 2003-Haiti, the U.S.A. invaded the countryand deported elected president Aristide to Africa.Militarism, the Base of ImperialismBeyond being an instrument and guarantee ofoccupation, militarism is a strategy of political control.It is a form of consolidating the empire. Madeleine Albright,Secretary of State of the U.S.A., in Clinton’s administration,affirmed: "McDonald’s cannot expandwithout McDonnell Douglas (military airplanes constructor).The invisible fist that guarantees the WorldSecurity of the technologies of Silicon Valley is calledthe Army of the United States of America".The military budget of all Latin America increasedin 2000 to 25.000 millions of US dollars, which, aslarge as it is, represents only 7% of the entire militarybudget of the U.S.A. More than 450.000 million USdollars were spent in 2004, the same as the rest of theworld’s combined military expenditures. At present,the U.S.A. has 71 military bases throughout the world,and 800 aerial, naval and infantry bases; there are alsoespionage groups, communication posts, and arms depositsdistributed among 130 countries. Since WorldWar II, the U.S.A. has bombed at least 21 countries:China (1945/46 and 1950/53); Korea (1950/53); Guatemala(1954, 1960 and 1967/69); Indonesia (1958); Cuba(1959/1960); Congo (1964); Peru (1965); Laos(1964/73); Vietnam (1961/73); Cambodia (1969/70);Granada (1983); Libya (1986); El Salvador (throughoutthe 1980s); Nicaragua (throughout the 1980s); Panama(1989); Iraq (1991/2001 and 2002 to 2005); Sudan(1998);Afghanistan (1998 and 2001);Yugoslavia (1999).The Peace World Council denounced North-Americanrulers for using their armed forces 215 times between1946 and 1975 to attain their political goals inother parts of the world.They currently have an armyof 2.2 million soldiers.The military policy of the U.S.A. concerning LatinAmerica is channeled through the South Commandof the U.S.A., an army that controls all Central America,South America, the Caribbean and the waters thatsurround them, and which was born after the creationof the Central Command, located in the Persian Gulfand established by Reagan. Its aim was and is to insureaccess to the petroleum of the Middle East. TheSouth Command seeks the same objectives in Latin42
Observatorio Latinoamericano de Salud.America and focuses on those places where their interestsreside.In Colombia, with the pretext of combating thedrug trade, the U.S.A. has invested more than 3.000million US dollars already in the Colombia Plan, and itplans to invest 700 million more by 2005 in the PatriotPlan; public opinion has criticized the credibility ofsuch justification. The U.S.A. organized the heroinmarket in Vietnam (1960), and made use of it in Laos(60) with heroin, in Nicaragua (70) with coke, in Afghanistan(80) with heroin, and in Kosovo (90) with heroin.Such support of the drug trade would indicatethat the intention is not to extinguish it in Colombiabut rather to once again use it as the vehicle to financeother objectives. If there were a true will to stopdrug trade, the US would confront major banks, includingCitibank, the Bank of America and the main banksof Miami and other cities, where they launder drugmoney—The U.S. Senate acknowledges between250.000 and 500.000 million US dollars a year—withabsolute impunity, in Central America and the SouthCone, the pretext is international terrorism, whichsimply is used to veil the U.S.’s economical and strategicinterests.The military strategy for Latin America designedby the South Command implies three aspects:a) Establishing a presence in the territory with militarybases, sending more than 50,000 soldiers eachyear to Latin America and the Caribbean.Althoughthe U.S.A. already owns 14 bases and there are 6more underway, smaller installations are numerousas well as those in combination with national states.All of them are deployed in the zones of interest,due to the resources found in those areas.b) The subordination of the Latin-American armedforces to the U.S.A., by means of joint armies (Cabañas,Águila, Unitas, Cielos Centrales, Nuevos Horizontes,Fluvial, etc.), which endangered the land,marine and aerial armies; and the programs of education,considered the chief mechanism with whichto create a dependence of Latin-American armedforces on the U.S.A. From 2000 to 2003, the U.S.A.trained 65,941 soldiers from 27 Latin-American andCaribbean countries, of which 43% (28,200) areColombian, and if one adds those coming from otherAndean countries (Bolivia, Ecuador, Perú and Venezuela),they total 64%. From Central America,9,886 soldiers were trained (15%); from the SouthCone, 9.7%; and from the Caribbean, 7.2%. This inseveral ways uncovers the interests the U.S.A. hasin the different regions.The ‘School of the Americas,’ also called the ‘schoolof dictators,’ is sadly celebrated at the moment inFort Benning, for having increased the power andimplementation of torture as a war weapon: the publicationof training manuals on torture is proof ofthat.The New York Times has mentioned the existenceof "eleven secret manuals" in the School ofthe Americas, through which "interrogatory techniques,forms of torture, blackmailing, and imprisonmentof relatives were developed". Since 1961 tothe present, more than 60,000 Latin-American soldiershave been trained in that school, of whichnearly 500 are accused of war crimes.The visible outcome is that the presidents of Hondurasand El Salvador have already requested thecreation of a regional army, under the command ofthe U.S.A. George W. Bush has proposed the creationof a multinational operative marine force of theAmericas identified as "Lasting Friendship," obviouslyunder the command of the U.S.A.c) The development of mercenary armies, which cando what international legality impedes. They are43
Page 2 and 3: PEOPLE’S HEALTH ASSEMBLY 2GLOBAL
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