Food Security Atlas Of RURAL MAHARASHTRA - WFP Remote ...

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Region and the districts of Gadchiroli and Chandrapur in the Eastern Region, are the areas ofconcentrated adivasi (tribal) populations. They are, as pointed out earlier, largely hill-forest regions. TheInland Western and Coastal NSS Regions are together called Western Maharashtra, and were part ofthe erstwhile Bombay Province.2.2 PovertyMaharashtra is one of the developed states in India. At more than Rs. 15,000 a year, the per capitaincome of the state is the second highest in the country, (Table 2.1) after Punjab, among the 17 majorstates. 1 In terms of NSDP, Maharashtra ranks first across all the states. Almost 30 percent of the state’srural population lives below the poverty line, which is marginally higher than the all-India figure (28.3percent).However for the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and dalits (SCs), the incidence of poverty in Maharashtra isTable 2.1: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) and Rural Poverty StatusState NSDP Per Capita Income Poverty Ratio(TE 2004-05) (TE 2004-05) (2004-05)(‘000 Million Rs.) Rank (Rs.) Rank RankAndhra Pradesh 911 5 11080 8 11.2 2Assam 181 17 6281 15 22.3 8Bihar 320 14 3609 17 42.1 15Chhattisgarh 309 15 7678 12 40.8 14Gujarat 835 7 14850 4 19.1 6Haryana 349 13 14897 3 13.6 4Jharkhand 218 16 7273 14 46.3 1Karnataka 703 11 12563 6 20.8 7Kerala 811 9 11565 7 13.2 3Madhya Pradesh 835 7 7666 13 36.9 13Maharashtra 2,951 1 15567 2 29.6 11Orissa 461 12 5985 16 46.8 17Punjab 723 10 15611 1 9.1 1Rajasthan 888 6 8788 11 18.7 5Tamil Nadu 1,511 4 12719 5 22.8 9Uttar Pradesh 1,876 2 8809 10 33.4 12W. Bengal 1,705 3 10992 9 28.6 10Source: NSDP and Per capita Income: Computed from CSO, Various years; Poverty Ratio – Planning Commission Poverty Estimates, Computed from NSS61 st Round, 2004-05.1. Major states have been defined as those states with a total population of 20 million or above. In all analyses only the major states with this criterionhave been discussed, unless otherwise specified.12 FOOD SECURITY ATLAS OF <strong>RURAL</strong> MAHARRASHTRA
Table 2.2: Percentage Poverty Rates bySocial Group for Rural Maharashtra (2004-05)Region ST SC OBC Others All*Maharashtra 56.3 44.8 24.1 18.6 29.6All-India 44.7 37.1 25.8 17.5 28.1Source: Calculated from unit level data, NSS 61st Round, 2004-05, based on URP.substantially higher, at 56.3 percent and 44.8 percent respectively, compared to the all-India figuresof 44.7 percent and 37.1 percent, respectively (Table 2.2). Rural STs and SCs, constitute 28.4 percentof the rural population, which account for almost half (48.8 percent) of the rural poor in the state. Thehigher figure for poverty among Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra is somewhat surprising, given thehigh level of political assertion by them in Maharashtra, which has a history stretching back toAmbedkar, and the Republican Party right to the Dalit Panthers of the 1970s and 80s.Literacy in Maharashtra is consistently higher than the all-India average (Table 2.3). This is so evenfor the poor and poor women; for the latter literacy is 55.4 percent as against the all-India figure of42.2 percent. However, the literacy for poor women (55.4 percent) is almost 20 percentage pointsbelow than that for poor men (74.7 percent).Table 2.3: Literacy Rate for Individuals from Poor and All Categories by Gender forRural Maharashtra 2004-05Region Male Female PersonPoor All Poor All Poor AllMaharashtra 74.7 84.0 55.4 63.2 64.7 73.7All-India 65.3 76.4 42.2 53.2 53.7 65.1Source: Calculated from NSS 61 st round, 2004-05.For agricultural labourers, their share in the rural poor is much higher than their share of the population.For all other occupational categories it is less than their respective shares in the population. Labourers,both agricultural and non-agricultural, together account for almost 70 percent of the rural poor, whilethey are less than 50 percent of the rural population (Table 2.4). The bulk of the rural poor is concentratedamong the labourers. Given the renowned success of Maharashtra’s Employment Guarantee Scheme(EGS), what this could mean is that this state-provided employment while beneficial, has perhapsnot been sufficient to pull agricultural labourers out of poverty.What is interesting is that the proportion of agriculturists cultivating more than 0.41 hectares of landis more than at the All-India level and, at the same time, the incidence of poverty among these largerland cultivating agriculturists is also higher than at the All-India level (Table 2.5). This points to thelower productivity of agriculture in Maharashtra compared to the All-India productivity.A PROFILE OF THE STATE OF <strong>MAHARASHTRA</strong>13
Page 1 and 2: Food Security AtlasOfRURAL MAHARASH
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © 2010The UN World Food
Page 5 and 6: TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUPChairperson
Page 8: PrefaceIndia is home to more than a
Page 12 and 13: ContentsForewardPrefaceAcknowledgem
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables, Figures, Maps and B
Page 16 and 17: List of AbbreviationsADAPTAIDISAPLA
Page 19 and 20: Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryF
Page 21 and 22: capacities and knowledge.Measures t
Page 24 and 25: 1. Introduction1. IntroductionIndia
Page 26 and 27: production. This portion of the con
Page 28: other states in the country. In lin
Page 31: Map 2.1: Maharashtra: Administrativ
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.6: Sectoral Composition of
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.8: Mortality and Nutritiona
Page 39: Table 2.11: Status of ConsumptionPe
Page 42 and 43: Children who are more than two stan
Page 44 and 45: Map 3.1: Food Security Outcome Map
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.3: Indicators used to Compu
Page 48 and 49: the ‘normal’ entitlements to fo
Page 50 and 51: to the dependent population 1 . Thi
Page 52: Table 3.4: Indicators Used to Analy
Page 55 and 56: 4.2. ProductionTable 4.1: Growth of
Page 57 and 58: Box 4.1: Agricultural Production an
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.4: Extent of Irrigation in
Page 61 and 62: The state has a modest coverage (15
Page 63 and 64: Map 4.4: Status of Rural Connectivi
Page 65 and 66: Table 4.8: Indicators Used in Const
Page 68 and 69: 5. Access to Food5. Access to FoodT
Page 70 and 71: Table 5.2: Rural Casual Wage Rate b
Page 72 and 73: 5.3. Agricultural LabourersMaharash
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.7: Proportion of Scheduled
Page 76 and 77: Table 5.9: Ratio of Working Age Pop
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.11: Rural Female Literacy b
Page 80 and 81: poor food security situation. In Ma
Page 82 and 83:
Table 5.14: Urbanization in Maharas
Page 84 and 85:
This re gional patter n of migratio
Page 87 and 88:
6. Food Absorption6. Food Absorptio
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Map 6.1: Access to Health Services
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Map 6.3: Food Absorption Map of Rur
Page 95 and 96:
Table 7.1: Ranks of Districts on Co
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Map 7.2: Maharashtra: Priority Dist
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e improved through better rural con
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Box 7.1: National Policy for Farmer
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A part of the wastelands has also b
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development policy for forest-dwell
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Table 7.6: Index of Public Interven
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Table 7.7: MGNREGS Performance, All
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Another policy implication from the
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The list of activities taken up und
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Box 7.5: The Forest Rights ActThe S
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women’s land rights also increase
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Box 7.6: Ralegan Siddhi: A Village
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may not be a corresponding improvem
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Infants and Young ChildrenBox 7.8:
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frequent disruption in the supply o
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panchayats, the panchayats perform
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Table 8.1: Key Interventions in Pri
Page 133 and 134:
Government of India (2007a), The Sc
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Srivastava, Ravi, 1997, “Rural La
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Thus, rights require state action w
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obligation of the state to provide
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Name of Variable and Description So
Page 145 and 146:
The basic objective of using PCA is
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Appendix III: Index Value, Normativ
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Table A3.3:Index Values and Normati
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The Food Security Atlas of Rural Ma
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