The alphabet and pronunciation - Lodestone

!apitro 15: Diversa"oj el la tuta mondoAdverbial participles1# A common form in English is a sentence with a participial phrasetacked on (here in italics):! Wishing to speak to him, I visited his house.! Seeing him in the garden, I called to him.! Whistling tunefully, he went upstairs.! Having a good brain, he mastered everything.! Intending to stay, we stood in the corridor.The Esperanto form is similar, but the participle ends in -e:! Dezirante paroli al li, mi vizitis lian domon.! Vidante lin en la "ardeno, mi vokis al li.! Fajfante melodie, li iris supren.! Havante bonan cerbon, li venkis #ion.! Intencante resti, ni staris en la koridoro.This participial phrase can be expanded into a complete sentence, whosesubject is identical with that of the main clause (sentence):! Mi deziris paroli al li! Mi vizitis lian domon.! I wished to speak to him.! I visited his house.! Mi vidis lin en la "ardeno.! Mi vokis al li.! I saw him in the garden.! I called to him.! Li fajfis melodie.! Li iris supren.! He whistled melodiously.! He went upstairs.! Li havis bonan cerbon.! Li venkis #ion.! He had a good brain.! He mastered everything.! Ni intencis resti.! Ni staris en la koridoro.! We intended to stay.! We stood in the corridor.The rule in Esperanto is the same as in good English: the participialphrase must always relate to the subject of the main clause.2! The past participle is also used as in English:! Mi estis skribinta la leteron. Mi eliris! I had written the letter. I went out.! = Skribinte la leteron, mi eliris.! Having written (After writing*) the letter, I went out.! Li estis fininta la laboron. Li hejmeniris.! He had finished the work. He went home.! = Fininte la laboron, li hejmeniris.! Having finished (When he had finished*) the work, he went home.3# The participle ending in -onta is similarly used:! Mi estis skribonta leteron. Mi ser#is plumon.! I was about to write a letter. I looked for a pen.! = Skribonte leteron, mi ser#is plumon.! (Being) About to write a letter, I looked for a pen.! Li estis enironta la #ambron. Li tusis.! He was about to enter the room. He coughed.! = Enironte la #ambron, li tusis.! About to enter the room, he coughed.* See chapter 14, note 3.