Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning Framework

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182 Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning FrameworkBridgesThe bridges across the river to the north ofthe study area are an important townscapefeature of the area. They have historic andarchitectural value, but they also spurred thegrowth of the area. Lambeth and ChelseaBridges are listed grade II, while VauxhallBridge is listed grade II*.This map is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permissionof Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’sStationery Office © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproductioninfringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminalproceedings. English Heritage 100019088. 2008Chelsea suspension bridge was built in1858 as an approach route to the newBattersea Park, with toll houses at eachend. The bridge was demolished in 1935and replaced in 1937. The later bridge wasbuilt by London County Council Engineersusing materials from only the UK andCommonwealth Countries. This was a selfstabilisingsuspension bridge, its designborrowed from the most advanced Americanand Continental engineering techniques ofthe time. Vauxhall Bridge, known originallyas Regent’s Bridge, was constructed on ninearches across the Thames in 1816, linkingan important road junction to the northbank. It was rebuilt on five arches in 1898-1906 by Sir Alexander Binnie, incorporatinga sculpture by Frederick Pomeroy RA. Thenew bridge had widened approach roads toaccommodate increasing volumes of traffic.After many proposals, Lambeth Bridgewas built as a suspension bridge betweenLambeth and Westminster in 1862, inassociation with Albert Embankment. It wasreplaced by a five-arch bridge in 1929-32,built by Sir George Humphreys.Figure TA2.6 Tallis 1851(Source: English Heritage HAA report)
Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning FrameworkTA 02 Built and heritage contextMayor of London 183This map is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permissionof Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’sStationery Office © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproductioninfringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminalproceedings. English Heritage 100019088. 2008Market gardeningMarket gardening began in Battersea in thelate 16th or early 17th century. By the end ofthe 18th century, much of eastern Batterseawas taken up with market gardens supplyingthe London market. There were about 300acres of market gardens in Battersea parishin the 1790s, and 250 acres in Lambethparish. Property deeds indicate that someof the land in the northern part of the studyarea, around Fore Street and Ferry Street inLambeth was open ground up to the 18thcenturies. Much of the remaining open landin Vauxhall and Lambeth in 1800 was stillused for market gardening.Vauxhall Gardens andother places of entertainmentSpring Gardens (later called VauxhallGardens) was established in about 1660,around the time of the restoration of theMonarchy. They were one of the mainplaces of entertainment for Londoners forthe following two centuries. The Gardenssuffered a series of financial difficulties inthe 1840s and finally closed in 1859.The Gardens lay between Goding Street tothe west, Vauxhall Walk and Leopold Walkon the north, St Oswald’s Place on the eastand Kennington Lane on the south. A fewyears after its sale by auction in 1859, thewhole site was built over. The manager’sresidence on Kennington Lane later becamethe vicarage of St Peter’s church.There were other places of entertainment.The Red House Tavern was established onthe river embankment between the sites ofChelsea and Grosvenor Bridges by 1772.Nearby in eastern Battersea in the late 18thand 19th centuries were the Regency TeaGardens, the Flora Tea Gardens and the TivoliGardens. Cumberland Tavern and Tea Gardenslay on the riverfront south of the site ofVauxhall Bridge. The tavern burnt downin 1825.Figure TA2.7 Stanford 1862(Source: English Heritage HAA report)
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