Final Report (PDF, 2132K) - Measure DHS

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1. BACKGROUND1.1 Geography and History of NigeriaThe Federal Republic of Nigeria is located on the coast of West Africa. It has a land area of923,766 square kilometres. The officially accepted population figure from the 1963 census is 55.7million. Estimates for 1986 indicate a population of about 100 million, making Nigeria the mostpopulous country in Africa.Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960 and the parliamentary system of govemmentwas adopted. In 1963, Nigeria was declared a Federal Republic. A major event in the post-independenceperiod was a three-year civil war from which the Federation emerged intact in 1970.Nigeria was divided into 12 states in 1967 and redivided into 19 States in 1976. The later datewas the year that Ondo State was created out of the former Western State. Two additional states werecreated in 1987 so that Nigeria now consists of 22 administrative divisions: 21 states and Abuja, thefederal capital territory.1.2 Geography and Climate of Ondo StateOndo State is located on the coast in the southwestern part of Nigeria (see map). It has two mainvegetation belts: 1) the rain forest with tall evergreen trees and thick undergrowth, which extends fromthe south coast to about 50 miles inland (the riverine area of Ondo State) and 2) the deciduous forest,which is characterised by tall trees and thin undergrowth. There are two seasons: the rainy season fromApril to October and the dry season from November to March. Ondo State experiences heavy rainfallduring the rainy season and high temperatures throughout the year--between 25 and 33 degrees Celsius.1.3 Population and the EconomyPopulation estimates for Ondo State must be viewed with caution because there has been noofficial accepted population census in Nigeria since 1963 and because there is some controversy over theaccuracy of the figures reported by that census (Ekanem, I.I., 1972). Nevertheless, according to thecensus figures, the population of the area now comprising Ondo State was 2.7 million in 1963. Indeveloping the sample for the O<strong>DHS</strong>, the population of Ondo State was estimated by various procedures.The evidence available suggests that the population of Ondo State in 1986 was about 3.3 million.The rate of natural population increase in Nigeria was 2.5 percent per annum in the 1960s,increasing to more than 3.0 percent by the early 1980s (Federal Ministry of Health, 1988). The rate forOndo State was probably the same. Such rates would lead to a population characterised by a young agestructure and a high dependency ratio. Fertility and mortality rates are not known for Ondo State.However, crude birth and death rates for all Nigeria are estimated to be 45-48 per 1,000 and 13-16 per1,000 respectively. There is little reason to think that the rates for Ondo State differ greatly (NationalPopulation Bureau, 1984).The population of Ondo State is predominately made up of Yombas (85 to 90 percent) who arenative to southwestern Nigeria. The population is also predominately Christian (85 to 90 percent).
Overall, the settlement pattern of Ondo is about 40 percent urban, 55 percent rural and 5 percentriverine. The urban population resides in seven major urban centers each with a population in excess of50,000 and twenty smaller towns each with a population over 20,000. Commerce is a thriving activity inthe urban areas where there is also some industry; the major industries being textiles, palm-oil and cocoaproducts, and building materials. In most of the state, farming is the main occupation.Ondo Stale is divided into 17 Local Government Areas (see map), one of which, llaje Eseodo, isa riverine area. This is the low-lying area adjacent to the coast where the land is continually dissected byfrequent branching of the Oluwa River. In the habitable area of ljero Eseodo, somewhat inland from themangrove swamps of the coast, fishing villages are located along river banks. Access to many of thesevillages is mainly by boat.1.4 Health Priorities and ProgrammesThe Ondo State Ministry of Health (MOH) is responsible for the health of all members of thepopulation. The main strategy of the MOH has been the provision of primary health care with emphasison maternal and child health care services. The MOH programme consists of prenatal, postnatal andchild welfare clinics, which are held in health facilities on specific days of the week. Basic healtheducation is an important activity at these clinics and an effort is made to promote breastfeeding, toinstruct in the use of oral rehydration therapy and to leach good nutrition and food hygiene practices.Since 1983, a top priority has been the Expanded Programme of Immunisation in which children areimmunised against six major childhood diseases: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, tuberculosis,poliomyelitis and measles.Basic health services are provided through facilities operated by the MOH (24 hospitals and 52health centers), the Local Government Area Councils (191 malemity centers and 229 dispensaries),missionary groups (6 hospitals and 6 malemity centers) and private sector institutions (53 small hospitals,70 health and maternity centers and numerous pharmacies). The capacity of the public sector andmissionary facilities, in terms of in-patient beds, is as follows: hospitals, 2,200 beds; health centers, 500beds; and maternity centers, 1,500 beds. While these facilities tend to be located in the urban areas, theyare nevertheless well distributed throughout the state. Only the riverine area suffers from a relativeshortage of health facilities.1.5 Population and Family Planning Policies and ProgrammesDuring the decade of the 1980s, there has been increasing concern over the high rate ofpopulation growth in Nigeria. Thus, in 1988, a policy fostering the provision of family planning servicescame into being with the adoption of the National Policy on Population for Development, Unity, Progressand Self-Reliance. An underlying principle of this policy is that "all couples and individuals have thebasic right to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and to have theinformation, education and means to do so."Notwithstanding the recent genesis of a national population policy, family planning serviceshave been available in Ondo State for a number of years. Family planning activities were initiated by thePlanned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPFN) in 1969. By 1985, PPFN was providing familyplanning services free-of-charge through eight clinics in urban areas. In 1981, the provision of familyplanning services in a MOH hospital was begun by a project sponsored by the United Nations Fund forPopulation Activities. In 1984, the International Training in Health Programme (INTRAH) held aworkshop to develop the capacity of the MOH to train staff to provide family planning services. By1986, 150 nurses and midwives were trained and providing services throughout the state.
Page 1 and 2: ONDO STATE, NIGERIADEMOGRAPHICANDHE
Page 3 and 4: This report presents the findings o
Page 5 and 6: Page4.34.44.54.64.74.8Current Use o
Page 7 and 8: PageTable 3.3Table 3.4Table 3.5Tabl
Page 9 and 10: PageTable 5.1Table 5.2Table 5.3Tabl
Page 11 and 12: PageAPPENDIX A ....................
Page 14: PREFACEThe Ondo State Demographic a
Page 17: percent of women using each) and th
Page 22 and 23: Although the reporting of family pl
Page 24 and 25: Table 1.2Number of Selected Primary
Page 26 and 27: Religion and EthnicityThe majority
Page 28: Sources of WaterInformation was als
Page 31 and 32: consistent with the comparable stat
Page 33 and 34: esults must be interpreted with cau
Page 35 and 36: Following the birth of a child, the
Page 38 and 39: 3. FERTILITY3.1 Fertility Data in t
Page 40 and 41: educational attainment, differences
Page 42 and 43: distributions. The proportion with
Page 44: Table 3.5 Percent Distribution of A
Page 47 and 48: Table 4.1Percentage Knowing Any Met
Page 49 and 50: Women who had heard of methods were
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.6Percent Distribution of Al
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.7Percent Distribution of Cu
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Trends in Family Planning Knowl
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.4Source of Family Planning
Page 59 and 60: 4.7 Intention to Use Contraception
Page 61 and 62: Table 4.16 presents data on wives'
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.18Percentage of Currently M
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.1Fertility PreferencesCurr
Page 67 and 68: In order to examine fertility prefe
Page 69 and 70: Table 5.4 also indicates that less
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6. MORTALITY AND HEALTH6.1 Mortalit
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Table 6.1 Infant and Child Mortalit
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Table 6.3Mean Number of Children Ev
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Table 6.5 • Percent Distribution
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For the investigation of differenti
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In considering the morbidity inform
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Cough/Difficult BreathingThe ODHS c
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Nutritional StatusNutritional statu
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Weight-for-HeightWeight-for-height
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Weight-for-AgeTable 6.13 shows the
Page 92:
REFERENCESCttieh-Johnson, D., Cross
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APPENDIX ASURVEY DESIGNA.1 Sample D
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However, as shown in Table A.2, the
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A total of 32 field staff participa
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Table A.3Household Response Rate an
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APPENDIX BSAMPLING ERRORSThe result
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Table B.I List of Variables for Whi
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Table B.2 Sampling Errors (con't):
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MINISTRY OF HEALTH, ONDO STATE, NIG
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CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGENAME OF
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MINISTRY OF HEALTH, C, OVERNMENT OF
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!P............IM,RSKIPattended: pri
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i SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION. ISKIP201
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TABLE 2.1rRECORD INFORMATION STARTI
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SKIP230 CHECK: COMPARE NUMBER OF BI
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I ISECTION 3:HEALTH AND BREASTFEEDI
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316317CHECK ~2:LAST BIRTH ALIVE [ ]
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SKIP334 What was done?CIRCLECODE 1
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!TABLE 3.1(ASK QUESTIONS STARTING W
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LTABLE 3.3(ASK @UESTIONS ONLY FOR S
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TABLE 3.5CF. TABLE 2.1:ENTER NAME A
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TABLE 4: IPILL "Women can take •
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SKIP413CHECK 404:NO STERILIZATION [
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SECTIOM 5: MARRIAGE. lSKIP501 /Have
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SKIP520 kow we need some detmils ab
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SKIP606 For how long should • cou
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SKIP7e9CHECK 7@8:DOES/DID NOT WORKI
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS.(To be t
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