Final Report (PDF, 2132K) - Measure DHS

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Nutritional StatusNutritional status assessment is based on the concept that in a well-nourished population, therewill be a distribution of children of a given age with respect to height and weight. In terms of a particularindex (say, height-for-age), the distribution will approximate the normal curve. About 68.2 percent ofchildren will have a height-for-age within 1 standard deviation of the mean. About 13.6 percent will bebetween +1 and +2 standard deviations from the mean and another 13.6 percent between -1 and -2standard deviations from the mean. <strong>Final</strong>ly, about 2.3 percent will be more than +2 standard deviationsfrom the mean and another 2.3 percent will be more than -2 standard deviations from the mean.The nutritional indices presented in this report are based on the WHO/CDC/NCHS referencepopulation (U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1976). Thus, the children in Ondo Stateare classified into nutrition status categories in terms of the mean and standard deviation values of thatreference population. Four nutritional indices are presented in this report.Height-for-AgeHeight-for-age. A child who is 2 or more standarddeviations below the mean of the reference population isconsidered short for his/her age which could reflect thecumulative effect of chronic malnutrition. Such a childis referred to as "stunted".Weight-for-height. A child who is 2 or more standarddeviations below the mean of the reference population isconsidered thin which could reflect a recent episode ofillness resulting in acute malnutrition. Such a child isreferred to as "wasted".Height-for-age by weight-for-height. This index is across tabulation of the above two indices and canidentify a child who is both chronically and acutelymalnourished. A child who is 2 or more standarddeviations below the mean of the reference populationon both indices is considered severely malnourished.Weight-for-age. A child who is 2 or more standarddeviations below the mean of the reference populationcould reflect chronic malnutrition, a recent acute episodeof malnutrition or both. Thus, this index provides lessprecise information than the previously describedindices. Nevertheless, weight-for-age is reportedbecause it may be useful for comparison with other dataon the nutritional status of children in Ondo State.Table 6.11 shows the percent of children 6-36 months by various standard deviation categoriesfrom the mean of the reference population in terms of height-for-age. To make interpretation ofanthropometric data easier, the World Health Organisation has classified children whose height-for-age isbetween 2 and 3 standard deviations below the reference mean as moderately stunted and children whosebeight-for-age is 3 or more standard deviations below the reference mean as severely stunted. Table 6.11indicates that 19.5 percent are moderately stunted and 12.9 percent are severely stunted.67
Stunting is evident in equal proportions among males and females, but by other backgroundcharacteristics there are some important differentials. Stunting increases considerably when progressingfrom younger to older children. The percent that are severely stuntr~d is lowest for children age 6-11months (2 percent), increases sharply for children age 12-23 months (11 percent) and is still greater forchildren age 24-36 months (22 percent). Twins are highly likely to be stunted: 38 percent are severelystunted. By area of residence there is little difference between children living in riverine areas and inrural areas but somewhat less stunting among urban children. There is little difference in the degree ofstunting by education of mother.Table 6.11Percent Distribution of Children Aged 6-36 Months by Standard DeviationCategory of Height-for-Age Using the In£ernational NCHS/CDC/WHO Reference,According to Background Characteristics, O<strong>DHS</strong>, 1986Standard Deviations from NCHS/CDC/WHO ReferenceBackground -3.00 -2.00 -I.00 -0.99 +i.00 +2.00Character- or to to to to or Totalistic more -2.99 -1.99 +0.99 +1.99 more PercentNumberofChildren6-36MonthsInternationalReference 0.6 1.7 13.6 68.2 13.6 2.3 i00.0Sex of ChildMale 12.7 20.4 32.5 31.1 2.5 1.0 100.0 727Female 13.2 18.6 29.1 35.8 1.7 1.7 100.0 660Age of Child6-11 mos. 2.2 8.9 29.4 52.2 5.1 2.2 100.0 31612-23 mos. II.I 21.3 33.3 31.9 1.4 1.6 i00.0 55924-36 mos. 21.5 24.2 29.1 23.8 1.0 0.4 i00.0 512Birth Interval*First Births 16.5 19.9 32.5 30.7 0,0 0.4 100.0 231< 2 years 13.6 17.6 33.5 33.0 1.7 0.6 100.0 1762-3 years 12.4 19.9 29.6 33.4 2.9 1.7 100.0 7494 years + 10.4 19.5 31.2 35.9 1.7 1.3 100.0 231Twins 37.5 17.2 26.6 17.2 1.6 0.0 100.0 64ResiderceUrban 10.2 15.3 34.7 36.5 2.1 I.i 100.0 619Rural 15.0 23.4 27.0 31.6 1.9 1.2 i00.0 675Riverine 16.1 19.4 33.3 24.7 3.2 3.2 I00.0 93EducationNone 12.8 21.1 28.9 34.1 2.0 1.2 100.0 596Primary 14.5 17.1 34.0 30.6 2.4 1.5 100.0 468Secondary + 10.8 20.1 30.0 35.9 1.9 1.2 100.0 329All Children 12.9 19.5 30.9 33.3 2.1 1.3 100.0 1387* Twins are included in the preceding birth interval statistic; both twins have the s~u~einterval. Twins are also presented as a separate category.68
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ONDO STATE, NIGERIADEMOGRAPHICANDHE
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This report presents the findings o
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Page4.34.44.54.64.74.8Current Use o
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PageTable 3.3Table 3.4Table 3.5Tabl
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PageTable 5.1Table 5.2Table 5.3Tabl
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PageAPPENDIX A ....................
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PREFACEThe Ondo State Demographic a
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percent of women using each) and th
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1. BACKGROUND1.1 Geography and Hist
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Although the reporting of family pl
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Table 1.2Number of Selected Primary
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Religion and EthnicityThe majority
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Sources of WaterInformation was als
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consistent with the comparable stat
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esults must be interpreted with cau
Page 35 and 36: Following the birth of a child, the
Page 38 and 39: 3. FERTILITY3.1 Fertility Data in t
Page 40 and 41: educational attainment, differences
Page 42 and 43: distributions. The proportion with
Page 44: Table 3.5 Percent Distribution of A
Page 47 and 48: Table 4.1Percentage Knowing Any Met
Page 49 and 50: Women who had heard of methods were
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.6Percent Distribution of Al
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.7Percent Distribution of Cu
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Trends in Family Planning Knowl
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.4Source of Family Planning
Page 59 and 60: 4.7 Intention to Use Contraception
Page 61 and 62: Table 4.16 presents data on wives'
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.18Percentage of Currently M
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.1Fertility PreferencesCurr
Page 67 and 68: In order to examine fertility prefe
Page 69 and 70: Table 5.4 also indicates that less
Page 72 and 73: 6. MORTALITY AND HEALTH6.1 Mortalit
Page 74 and 75: Table 6.1 Infant and Child Mortalit
Page 76 and 77: Table 6.3Mean Number of Children Ev
Page 78 and 79: Table 6.5 • Percent Distribution
Page 80 and 81: For the investigation of differenti
Page 82 and 83: In considering the morbidity inform
Page 84 and 85: Cough/Difficult BreathingThe ODHS c
Page 88 and 89: Weight-for-HeightWeight-for-height
Page 90 and 91: Weight-for-AgeTable 6.13 shows the
Page 92: REFERENCESCttieh-Johnson, D., Cross
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX ASURVEY DESIGNA.1 Sample D
Page 98 and 99: However, as shown in Table A.2, the
Page 100 and 101: A total of 32 field staff participa
Page 102: Table A.3Household Response Rate an
Page 106 and 107: APPENDIX BSAMPLING ERRORSThe result
Page 108 and 109: Table B.I List of Variables for Whi
Page 110 and 111: Table B.2 Sampling Errors (con't):
Page 112 and 113: Table B.2 Sampling Errors (con't):
Page 114: Table B.2 Sampling Errors (con't):
Page 118 and 119: MINISTRY OF HEALTH, ONDO STATE, NIG
Page 120 and 121: CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGENAME OF
Page 122: MINISTRY OF HEALTH, C, OVERNMENT OF
Page 125 and 126: !P............IM,RSKIPattended: pri
Page 127 and 128: i SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION. ISKIP201
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 2.1rRECORD INFORMATION STARTI
Page 131 and 132: SKIP230 CHECK: COMPARE NUMBER OF BI
Page 133 and 134: I ISECTION 3:HEALTH AND BREASTFEEDI
Page 135 and 136: 316317CHECK ~2:LAST BIRTH ALIVE [ ]
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SKIP334 What was done?CIRCLECODE 1
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!TABLE 3.1(ASK QUESTIONS STARTING W
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LTABLE 3.3(ASK @UESTIONS ONLY FOR S
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TABLE 3.5CF. TABLE 2.1:ENTER NAME A
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TABLE 4: IPILL "Women can take •
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SKIP413CHECK 404:NO STERILIZATION [
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SECTIOM 5: MARRIAGE. lSKIP501 /Have
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SKIP520 kow we need some detmils ab
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SKIP606 For how long should • cou
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SKIP7e9CHECK 7@8:DOES/DID NOT WORKI
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS.(To be t
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