Communications, Radar & Electronic Warfare (201.. - Index of

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4 CommunicatIOns, Radar and Electronic WarfareThe main focus of this book is on the Radio Frequency CRF) part of the system. Thisis the part between two antennas in a link. However, in order to make practical use ofthis, it is necessary to examine the parts of the system that are essential to allow theconstruction of an accurate radio link budget. This means every step from the radiooutput from the transmitting radio to the output of the receiving radio. The focus will beon those aspects over which operators and developers have some control, such asselected frequency, antenna, location and system configuration.To those new to the field, I would recommend reading all of the theory section andthen the sections relevant to the reader's area of work. More experienced readers maychoose to go to the sections that are relevant to their work, with the theoretical sectionsbeing available as an easy reference when required.My hope is that this book finds resonance with those involved in this topical andimportant area and that it helps such people to improve the state of the art of missionplanning and simulation of real-life scenarios.1.2 Current Radio Technology1.2.1 IntroductionNo one can be unaware of the pervasive nature of radio systems in the modern world.The rise of mobile phone systems has been phenomenal, and this has been matched byother recent developments that have improved the links between mobile phone masts(normally called 'backhaul'), provision of internet access via WiMax and othersystems, improvements to broadcast systems brought about by new digital services,and worldwide navigation via GPS.In the military sphere, similar new technologies have been used to extend systemranges, improve security and to provide information throughout the Battlespace.However, this description could equally be used to describe the developments ofcivilian systems as well. Increasingly, civilian equipment is becoming more frequentlyused by armed forces and particularly by insurgents. In some cases, the increasingcapabilities of commercial systems are also being exploited by even the most wellequipped armies because they are better than their own systems and they can be fieldedvery much more quickly than new military systems.Because of these factors, this book includes analysis of modern civilian services aswell as military ones. Such systems may be used to provide emergency or short-termcommunications for military operators, and are also increasingly of interest toelectronic warfare operators as legitimate targets since they are used by the opposition.As we will see in the next few pages, the histOlically distinct fields of military andcivilian use of the radio spectrum are in many ways merging into a single set ofrequirements, at least at outline level.This section will look at military, civilian and joint technologies. It will lookat the commonalities and contrasts and draw conclusions as to how they can be
Introduction5l--------------&Terminal A------------------------ !Terminal BFigure 1. 1The basic radio link between two termInal,. These can be fixed, static locatIOns or can bedynamic links where the terminal
Page 3: COMMUNICATIONS,RADAR ANDELECTRONICW
Page 7: Content,6.3 Types of Communications
Page 10 and 11: xContents16.1.2 EMC Issues 26616.1.
Page 12 and 13: xiiContents20 Summary and Conclusio
Page 14 and 15: xivPrefaceI have provided some refe
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Page 18 and 19: xviiiGlos&aryNFDNSAOPOPTEMPOORE ATO
Page 21: Part OneBasic Theory
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Page 29 and 30: Introduction 9IIIFigure 1.6 A naval
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Page 33 and 34: Introduction 13Typical equipment th
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 15into a suitable digi
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Page 39 and 40: Introduction 19For the communicatio
Page 41 and 42: Introduction21Table 1.5Antenna cOlT
Page 43 and 44: Introduction23(a) Clear radio line
Page 45 and 46: --Introduction2SFor microwave frequ
Page 47 and 48: 2Management of the Radio Spectrum2.
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Page 61 and 62: Management of the RadIO Spectrum 41
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Page 66 and 67: 46CommUnICatIOns, Radar and Electro
Page 68 and 69: 48 Communications, Radar and Electr
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Page 72 and 73: 52 CommunIcations, Radar and Electr
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54 COIllIllUIlICatiOnS, Radar and E
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56 Communications, Radar and Electr
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..60(f)(f)o-lCommunications, Radar
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-----62Communications, Radar and El
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4Radio Links in the Presenceof Nois
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Radio Links in the Preence of Noise
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Radio Links in the Presence of Nois
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X-lFigure 5.4 Illustration of energ
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---86 CommunicatIOns, Radar and Ele
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1'1,----__ 1·_ >FrequencyDetected
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100 Communications, Radar and Elect
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Radar and Radar Jamming103-- -- --
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Radar and Radar Jamming105...... ..
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108Communications, Radar and Electr
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Radar and Radar Jamming109Vertical
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Radar and Radar Jamming111Displayte
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Radar and Radar Jammmg113ill;;:0D-0
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Radar and Radar Jamming 115oPhase +
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Radar and Radar Jamming 117Correlat
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Radar and Radar Jamming119Displayte
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Radar and Radar Jamming 121shows th
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Radar and Radar Jamming 123Advancin
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Radar and Radar Jamming125Basebands
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Radar and Radar Jammmg 127aircraft,
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Radar and Radar Jammmg12')j r .)11'
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Radar and Radar Jamming131(a)(c)c:C
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Radar and Radar Jamming 1337.5 Rada
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9Predicting HF Radio9.1 Propagation
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Predicting HF Radio149Predicted sun
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Predicting HF Radio 151Range (km)Fi
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Predicting HF Radio153lOW. CM' '-'
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0.. iS·{)q'"0..o·..U1U1jJ .\R(PS
Page 176 and 177:
Predicting HF Radio 157Remember tha
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10VHF to SHF Radio Prediction10.1 P
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..........................VHF to SH
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 163Sub-
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction16530000
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction167Figur
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction169Fresn
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........VHF to SHF Radio Prediction
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144__VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 17
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction175Trans
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction177oTwo-
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 179With
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 181with
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 183is d
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VHF to SHF Radio PredictIOn 185Tabl
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction187Table
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction189Table
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11Data Requirements for RadioPredic
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opofJ?:l(0..ac.3(0;::.en8'>;?:l0.o'
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Data Requirements for Radio Predict
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u&::::0(1)..0c:3(1)::;:;;3'..,:::0'
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t)poS':;0(1).n::.3(1);aV>8'...,:;0p
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o0.>;::,:l(!).g:r.-;::,:lOJ0..5"-0r
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==Data Requirements for Radio Predi
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Data Requlrement for RddJO Prcdlctl
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Data Requirements for RadIO Predict
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,I,Data Requirements for Radio Pred
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13Planning Radio Networksfor Covera
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Planning Radio Networks for Coverag
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...Planning Radio Networks for Cove
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(((II/III/llcd)0):l:l:l[fQ:;00)9-:o
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Planntng RadIOetv.ork, for Covcrage
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14Interference Analysis14.1 Introdu
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Intelference Analysis249Received po
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Interference Analysis2510 ,-- -5-10
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Interference Analysis253Table 14.1
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Interference Analyls14.4 Different
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262CommunicatIOns, Radar and Electr
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264 CommuDlcation" Radar and Electr
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266 CommUnIcatIOns. Radar and Elect
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2M,------------- ------------ ---I:
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280 Communication5, Radar and Elect
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282CommunicatlOns, Radar and Electr
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2X4._---------_._--Despite these cl
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286 CommunicatlOns, Radar and Elect
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292 CommUniCatIOns, Radar and Elect
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294 Communicat ions. Rauar anu Elec
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296 CommUniCatIOns, Radar and Elect
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302 CommUnICatIOns, Radar and Elect
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(llll l Hlt (!I" tilL' \CIl\L' .Jll
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310COllllllunJCallon, Radar and Ele
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314 Commumcation, Radar and Electro
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316 Communication, Radar and Electr
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324 CommUI11Catlons, Radar and Elec
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18Non-CommunicationsElectronic Warf
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Non-Communications Electronic Warfa
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Non-Communication Electronic Warfar
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...Non-Communications Electronic Wa
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)\;OIl-COllllllunlcatlOnplral radar
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Non-CommunicatIons ElectronIc Warfa
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Non-CommunIcations Electronic Warfa
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Non-Communication,; Electrolllc War
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Non-CommunIcations Electronic Warfa
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Non-CommunIcations ElectronIC Warfa
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Non-CommUnIcatIOns ElectronIc Warfa
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19Countering Radio-Controlled rEDs1
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Coulltering RadlO-Colltrolled IEOsc
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs 35
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Countering Radio-Controlled rEDs359
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs 36
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs363
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COIllIllUlllcatlons. Radar and Elec
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372CllndllltJl'ily dnd !lemlJltl\'l
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Indexabsorption 53 , 160, 169-70act
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377cooperative 128cover 128deceptiv
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