Communications, Radar & Electronic Warfare (201.. - Index of

54 COIllIllUIlICatiOnS, Radar and ElectronIC \"arfarereceiving antenna is comprised of a number of componentf" with none being dominantover the others. This is typical for most mobile radio links, including tactical VHF,mobile phones and many other sYf,tems. It is also typical for electronic warfare linkswith the exception of aeronautical systemf" which are often better described usingRicean fading. Rayleigh fading is most applicable in situatiol1f, such as:• When the receiver is in a built-up environment such as encountered in urban warfareand the links are not line of sight. It is applicable therefore to RCIED scenarios inmany cases.• For tactical air to ground links, where the airborne platform is at a low altitude. Thisis often the case for helicopter to ground or tactical close support applications.• Where the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna are close to the ground andeffectively embedded in the radio clutter (where radio clutter is the term used todescribe objects that influence radio propagation). This is the case in many shortrangetactical scenarios.Now for the mathematics; the Rayleigh fading distribution characteristics are:The most probable value isThe median value isThe mean value isThe root mean squared value isThe standard deviation isThe Probability Density Function (PDF) isP(x) =(X2)2u2x-exp --u2