Communications, Radar & Electronic Warfare (201.. - Index of

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306 Communications, Radar and Electronic WarfareDirection of signal amvalReference directionAdvancing wavefrontFixed distanceFigure 17.20II hi ':>trati on of a flat array using interferometry.17.3.6 The DF BaselineIndividual DF ystems can provide a bearing for a detected signal. For some systems,known as single beari ng DF, this can be enough to provide a degree of localisation ofthe enemy transmission. Historically, this has principally been used for HF DFdetection particularly for naval applications. When this data is entered into a systemcapable of modelling the current HF propagation conditions, this gives an estimatedlocation for the target. This is illustrated in Figure 17.21. The HF-DF sensor (aka'Huff-Duff') measures botb the azimuth and elevation of the incoming transmission.Given knowledge of the conditions of the ionosphere, the emitter location can beestimated in both range and direction. Although the localisation will often be far fromexact, it is sufficient in some cases to allow passive Over The Horizon Targeting(OTHT) which would allow missiles to be fired from a ship towards the target area,where the missile's own seeker would home in on the target.This is shown in Figure 17.22. The grey ellipsoid shows the estimated location of theenemy ships. Note that in addition to considering the localisation shown by the DFsystem, enemy course and speed will also need to be accounted for; a missile travellingat 300 m/s out to a range of 60 km will take 200 seconds to arrive. If the ships aretravelling at 20 knots, they will travel about 2 km during the missile flight time. Atpoint (l) a multi-ship sal vo of three ships firing 4 missiles each is launched. After initialpop-up, they fly at a low enough altitude to avoid detection by enemy radar (although,in many cases the enemy will not be emitting radar until a threat is perceived). All of the
Communications Electronic Warfare307Ionosphere,,,/, \\'\'-d1': Azimuth bearing , /Ievatlon" angl e :_ - ------- ---_sensor, ,,'"Emitterlocation'-"'-,Figure 17.21I1Jutratlon of a ingle bearing HF DF sy
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COMMUNICATIONS,RADAR ANDELECTRONICW
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Content,6.3 Types of Communications
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xContents16.1.2 EMC Issues 26616.1.
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xiiContents20 Summary and Conclusio
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xivPrefaceI have provided some refe
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",iDiplexerdBddBiOEMOFDMEDownlinkDR
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xviiiGlos&aryNFDNSAOPOPTEMPOORE ATO
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Part OneBasic Theory
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4 CommunicatIOns, Radar and Electro
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[ ntroductlon 7......Figure 1.4 A t
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Introduction 9IIIFigure 1.6 A naval
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Introduction 11• In many cases, p
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Introduction 13Typical equipment th
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Introduction 15into a suitable digi
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-
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Introduction 19For the communicatio
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Introduction21Table 1.5Antenna cOlT
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Introduction23(a) Clear radio line
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--Introduction2SFor microwave frequ
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2Management of the Radio Spectrum2.
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Management of the Radio Spectrum29I
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Management of the Radio Spectrum 31
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Management of the Radio Spectrum33H
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Management of the Radio Spectrum39\
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Management of the RadIO Spectrum 41
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Management of the Radio Spectrum-13
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46CommUnICatIOns, Radar and Electro
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48 Communications, Radar and Electr
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!I.1II,soCommunications, Radar and
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52 CommunIcations, Radar and Electr
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54 COIllIllUIlICatiOnS, Radar and E
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..60(f)(f)o-lCommunications, Radar
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-----62Communications, Radar and El
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4Radio Links in the Presenceof Nois
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Radio Links in the Preence of Noise
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Radio Links in the Presence of Nois
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X-lFigure 5.4 Illustration of energ
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---86 CommunicatIOns, Radar and Ele
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1'1,----__ 1·_ >FrequencyDetected
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100 Communications, Radar and Elect
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Radar and Radar Jamming103-- -- --
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Radar and Radar Jamming105...... ..
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108Communications, Radar and Electr
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Radar and Radar Jamming109Vertical
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Radar and Radar Jamming111Displayte
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Radar and Radar Jammmg113ill;;:0D-0
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Radar and Radar Jamming 115oPhase +
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Radar and Radar Jamming 117Correlat
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Radar and Radar Jamming119Displayte
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Radar and Radar Jamming 121shows th
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Radar and Radar Jamming 123Advancin
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Radar and Radar Jamming125Basebands
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Radar and Radar Jammmg 127aircraft,
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Radar and Radar Jammmg12')j r .)11'
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Radar and Radar Jamming131(a)(c)c:C
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Radar and Radar Jamming 1337.5 Rada
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9Predicting HF Radio9.1 Propagation
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Predicting HF Radio149Predicted sun
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Predicting HF Radio 151Range (km)Fi
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Predicting HF Radio153lOW. CM' '-'
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0.. iS·{)q'"0..o·..U1U1jJ .\R(PS
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Predicting HF Radio 157Remember tha
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10VHF to SHF Radio Prediction10.1 P
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..........................VHF to SH
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 163Sub-
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction16530000
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction167Figur
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction169Fresn
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........VHF to SHF Radio Prediction
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144__VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 17
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction175Trans
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction177oTwo-
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 179With
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 181with
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction 183is d
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VHF to SHF Radio PredictIOn 185Tabl
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction187Table
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VHF to SHF Radio Prediction189Table
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11Data Requirements for RadioPredic
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opofJ?:l(0..ac.3(0;::.en8'>;?:l0.o'
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Data Requirements for Radio Predict
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u&::::0(1)..0c:3(1)::;:;;3'..,:::0'
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t)poS':;0(1).n::.3(1);aV>8'...,:;0p
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o0.>;::,:l(!).g:r.-;::,:lOJ0..5"-0r
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==Data Requirements for Radio Predi
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Data Requlrement for RddJO Prcdlctl
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Data Requirements for RadIO Predict
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,I,Data Requirements for Radio Pred
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13Planning Radio Networksfor Covera
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Planning Radio Networks for Coverag
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...Planning Radio Networks for Cove
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(((II/III/llcd)0):l:l:l[fQ:;00)9-:o
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Planntng RadIOetv.ork, for Covcrage
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14Interference Analysis14.1 Introdu
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Intelference Analysis249Received po
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Interference Analysis2510 ,-- -5-10
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Interference Analysis253Table 14.1
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Page 281 and 282: 262CommunicatIOns, Radar and Electr
Page 283 and 284: 264 CommuDlcation" Radar and Electr
Page 285 and 286: 266 CommUnIcatIOns. Radar and Elect
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Page 298 and 299: 280 Communication5, Radar and Elect
Page 300 and 301: 282CommunicatlOns, Radar and Electr
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Page 304 and 305: 286 CommunicatlOns, Radar and Elect
Page 310 and 311: 292 CommUniCatIOns, Radar and Elect
Page 312 and 313: 294 Communicat ions. Rauar anu Elec
Page 314 and 315: 296 CommUniCatIOns, Radar and Elect
Page 316 and 317: 298Communications, Radar and Electr
Page 320 and 321: 302 CommUnICatIOns, Radar and Elect
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Page 328 and 329: 310COllllllunJCallon, Radar and Ele
Page 332 and 333: 314 Commumcation, Radar and Electro
Page 334 and 335: 316 Communication, Radar and Electr
Page 342 and 343: 324 CommUI11Catlons, Radar and Elec
Page 345 and 346: 18Non-CommunicationsElectronic Warf
Page 347 and 348: Non-Communications Electronic Warfa
Page 349 and 350: Non-Communication Electronic Warfar
Page 351 and 352: ...Non-Communications Electronic Wa
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Page 355 and 356: Non-CommunicatIons ElectronIc Warfa
Page 357 and 358: Non-CommunIcations Electronic Warfa
Page 359 and 360: Non-Communication,; Electrolllc War
Page 363 and 364: Non-CommunIcations Electronic Warfa
Page 365 and 366: Non-CommunIcations ElectronIC Warfa
Page 369 and 370: Non-CommUnIcatIOns ElectronIc Warfa
Page 371 and 372: 19Countering Radio-Controlled rEDs1
Page 373 and 374: Coulltering RadlO-Colltrolled IEOsc
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs 35
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Countering Radio-Controlled rEDs359
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs 36
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Countering Radio-Controlled IEDs363
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COIllIllUlllcatlons. Radar and Elec
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372CllndllltJl'ily dnd !lemlJltl\'l
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Indexabsorption 53 , 160, 169-70act
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377cooperative 128cover 128deceptiv
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