The situation is exacerbated by policies pursued by the ANC government that have activelycreated a system of economic ‘insiders’ <strong>and</strong> ‘outsiders’.For business <strong>and</strong> political elites with privileged access to employment opportunities, or thosein positions protected by South Africa’s rigid labour regulations, life is relatively com<strong>for</strong>table.They have an interest in maintaining the status quo. COSATU’s (at times violent) oppositionto the Youth Wage Subsidy is a case in point.Closed business networks, excessive bonus payments, steady wage increases, <strong>and</strong>generous government spending have enriched this minority.Millions of young school <strong>and</strong> higher education graduates, on the other h<strong>and</strong>, cannot accessemployment because of high barriers-to-entry in the labour market. Entrepreneurs with thepotential to inject dynamism into the economy <strong>and</strong> create jobs are constrained by high costs<strong>and</strong> considerable red tape.The poorest South Africans remain excluded because capital assets remain out of reach,<strong>and</strong> patterns of settlement continue to keep poor households far from centres of economicactivity.On top of this, the administration’s preference <strong>for</strong> economic insiders means it is reluctant orunwilling to challenge the status quo <strong>and</strong> open up the economy to greater competition. Thishas resulted in an ever-rising cost of living, with particularly steep increases <strong>for</strong> those itemsthat affect poor households the most: Food, fuel, electricity, <strong>and</strong> transport.For many South Africans, the lived reality of marginalisation <strong>and</strong> exclusion continues to thisday. The past is still with us. But we do not have to go any further down this road.25 | P a g e
THE DA’S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKConstitutional FoundationThe DA believes that building an open <strong>and</strong> inclusive economy that delivers opportunities <strong>for</strong>all is not optional. It is built into the founding document of our democracy – the Constitution.In the Bill of Rights chapter, it is made explicitly clear that everyone has the right to a decenteducation; to have access to healthcare, food, water <strong>and</strong> social security; <strong>and</strong> to be able toaccess adequate housing.The current national administration has failed to deliver these to the people of South Africa.At the same time, it has begun an assault on the very document that enshrines these rightsin the first place - in the name of a so-called ‘second transition’. The idea behind this is thatthe transition to democracy in 1994, led by <strong>for</strong>mer President Nelson M<strong>and</strong>ela, was merely a‘political transition’, <strong>and</strong> that a more radical ‘economic transition’ is required <strong>for</strong> the fulfilmentof the National <strong>Democratic</strong> Revolution.According to this thinking, in order <strong>for</strong> this ‘second transition’ to take place, the fundamentalbuilding blocks of our democracy need to be re-thought, including the separation of powersbetween the judicial <strong>and</strong> executive arms of government; the role of the prosecutingauthorities, the role of the Reserve Bank; <strong>and</strong> the independence of the media. But theConstitution has not failed South Africa, the ANC government has.In South Africa today we live with the most progressive constitution in the world. It protectsour freedoms, <strong>and</strong> guarantees our political <strong>and</strong> socioeconomic rights, <strong>and</strong> has been usedtime <strong>and</strong> time again to defend those rights. By tampering with the checks <strong>and</strong> balances thatprotect South Africans against abuses of power, the ANC is undermining our peoples’ mostimportant vehicle <strong>for</strong> claiming the better life promised to us in 1994.Focus on high growthInvestment <strong>and</strong> growth are the essential ingredients <strong>for</strong> building an open <strong>and</strong> inclusiveeconomy. Numerous economic studies have shown that, to make a significant impact onunemployment, the economy would have to grow at a minimum rate of 7% per year. AsgiSAaimed to grow the economy at 6%, building on the 5% achieved in 2005 – the only timesince the transition to democracy in 1994 when there was a noticeable drop inunemployment.The NPC’s Diagnostic Overview, moreover, found that growth is essential <strong>for</strong> fighting poverty<strong>and</strong> raising per capita incomes. The report notes that, at current growth rates, it would takeSouth Africa 35 years to reach the per capita income levels of a developed country likePol<strong>and</strong> or Portugal. If GDP growth were to increase to 4% it would take approximately 17years, while at 8% it would take less than a decade.The experiences of high growth emerging economies such as Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia<strong>and</strong> Turkey hold valuable lessons <strong>for</strong> South Africa, <strong>and</strong> hold clues to what we can achieve ifwe adopt pro-growth policies. Rapid growth in Brazil, <strong>for</strong> example, coupled with smart socialpolicies, has resulted in poverty declining from 20% of the population to 7% in less than 10years. As a consequence, the country’s income inequality has fallen by 1.2% per year.In Indonesia, incomes are rising so fast that, by 2030, that country will have the 4 th largestmiddle class in the world, consuming US$ 2.5 trillion worth of goods <strong>and</strong> services. The DA26 | P a g e