LAWRENCE EDET NSA - St Clements University

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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW To review the numerous literatures on the management of RTOs it is pertinent to consider the evolution of Research and Development (R & D) systems generally as being informed by societal demand for Science and Technology (S & T). Consequently, the social function of S&T is reviewed alongside the structure of management of RTOs, R&D management performance, impact orientation and restructuring. Furthermore issues relating to best practices for RTOs management are discussed in terms of concepts application, benefits and imperatives, including success stories. In the introductory chapter, the development of R & D activities in Nigeria was discussed in terms of its historical perspective. This account gave an overview of the evolution of R & D system in the country and the structural deficiencies associated with it. It could be recalled that the economy of Nigeria was built through concerted efforts in developing its agricultural and 20
forestry resources as well as solid mineral resources and energy. As time progressed, it was recognized that the future of the country depends to a considerable extent on developing and applying knowledge to the productive sector of the economy. Technology has to be developed before the country’s extensive resources could be tapped economically. This explains why the focus is on R & D institutions that will help to develop the natural resources, especially agricultural resources. The Nigerian society and indeed policy makers are conscious of the significant role Science and Technology can play in the overall development and growth of the nation. Hence it is desirable to examine the social relevance of S & T in the context of national development. 2.2 SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Technology development has been strongly linked to the nature of a society. The level of awareness and appreciation of the importance of technology have influenced considerably, the development of most societies and countries of the world. 21
Page 1 and 2: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF RE
Page 3 and 4: AUGUST, 2003 DECLARATION I hereby d
Page 5 and 6: DEDICATION I dedicate this research
Page 7 and 8: LAWRENCE EDET NSA ABSTRACT This stu
Page 9 and 10: Chapter Two: Literature Review 20 2
Page 11 and 12: Bibliography 241 Appendices 249 LIS
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES xiii Page 4.1 Distr
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF BOXES xv Page 1. Governance
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGR
Page 19 and 20: Realizing the limitations of the NC
Page 21 and 22: specific areas that include, the ne
Page 23 and 24: 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBL
Page 25 and 26: The essence of this study is to ass
Page 27 and 28: practices are most successful in me
Page 29 and 30: problems to an R & D mission. It wi
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS For the
Page 33 and 34: an RTO into major process areas was
Page 35: REFERENCE Aluko-Olokun, I. The Way
Page 39 and 40: It is therefore, not the problem of
Page 41 and 42: are equally believed to contribute
Page 43 and 44: * Funding Structure - programmes an
Page 45 and 46: � Balancing efficiency, effective
Page 47 and 48: � Tendency towards more rigid per
Page 49 and 50: cultures are typified by a set of s
Page 51 and 52: Organizational effectiveness leads
Page 53 and 54: For many organizations, the “old
Page 55 and 56: goals, objectives, strategies and p
Page 57 and 58: 2002). Organizational culture plays
Page 59 and 60: local raw materials as input to man
Page 61 and 62: industrial development and were ful
Page 63 and 64: force in research is accountability
Page 65 and 66: This historical review of the inabi
Page 67 and 68: and not to the users of their R & D
Page 69 and 70: linkages should be forged between r
Page 71 and 72: capacity and relies almost entirely
Page 73 and 74: In discussing these critical areas,
Page 75 and 76: RTOs were based. While the system r
Page 77 and 78: Consequently, management of researc
Page 79 and 80: This implies that in future, partne
Page 81 and 82: society (WAITRO, 1999). Hence, the
Page 83 and 84: of their group and meet their highe
Page 85 and 86: Bozeman and Rogers (2002) in their
Page 87 and 88:
and preference functions. Evaluatin
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conditions is desirable. This will
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governments establish a market-orie
Page 93 and 94:
Capability Building and Project Man
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other scientists and their willingn
Page 97 and 98:
organization, a data base system is
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exploit new technologies and busine
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In addition to the use of the above
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the same field within the same set
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process; funding structure; linking
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9. Basant, R. and P, Chandra. “Bu
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27. Kumar, U. and U. Kumar “Incub
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43. Rush, H, M, Hobday., J, Bessant
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contribution to the growth of Niger
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work for the organization and the c
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The essence of the open-ended quest
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� Respondents were also asked to
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and effects of activities embarked
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Quantitative descriptive analysis w
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Apart from the assessment of manage
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TABLE 4.1 LIST OF MAJOR RESEARCH AN
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15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Cocoa R
Page 131 and 132:
The analysis and distribution patte
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Ownership Govt. Private 4.2 MANAGEM
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It was obvious from this analysis t
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Type of Autonomy On the level of au
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When asked of the prospects to chan
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Model A: GOVERNANCE Box 1 The Proce
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� The mandate, mission and vision
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Level of funding S/N Level of Finan
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controls. The majority of responden
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The respondents were asked whether
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Model of management practices as it
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4.5 CLIENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Res
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explained that they do encourage gr
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development. (Table 4.11 and Figure
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Focal Point activities C. Revenue G
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delegation of responsibilities is t
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In view of the increasing need for
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Risk taking (Change) Threats (SWOT)
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Opportunities that are available to
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S/No Performance Rating 1 2 3 4 5 V
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aising programmes. Prospective info
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identified when users indicated tha
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and field of specialization determi
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The responses to this question were
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Managers should be given the author
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Lack of technicians Managerial skil
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Obstacles to R&D Poor Funding Lack
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Furthermore, the recruitment system
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To appreciate these obvious issues,
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Communication on R&D Scientists in
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programmes that can help them meet
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE DISCU
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LIMITED NETWORK - Collaborators - P
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Also, network from the responses it
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objectives (Ohaba, 2001: 195-6). Oh
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accorded to senior management staff
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globally for successful performance
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traditional R&D management approach
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Testing of Hypothesis on Funding of
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Decision Rule We reject Ho at = 0.0
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this study which indicate limited i
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practice whereby the supervising Mi
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improved and quality services have
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nc Using the eqn. X 2 = (Observed-E
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of fund outside government and info
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� Leaders of organizations should
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� Acceptance - the extent to whic
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time frame and budget. Apart from t
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The quality of R&D of RTOs, which t
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Response Agric S & T RTOs Total Yes
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Recruitment however, should be a co
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potential client industry and the R
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7. Chiang, J. S. “From Industry T
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CHAPTER SIX SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CO
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5. The current structure of RTOs li
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11. Performance information which i
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15. It was established from this st
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significant increase in their earni
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These outputs cannot be easily asso
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Based on the answers to these quest
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Lack of satisfactory working condit
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of government. Government should pu
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environments that stress short-term
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerman, R. G. “Wal
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Boyett, J. and Jimmie Boyett The Gu
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Herrera, A. Social Determinants of
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Pack, H. and L. E. Westphal. “Ind
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Appendix 1 QUESTIONNAIRE This Quest
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2.2 GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: Does govern
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and successes, including your failu
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Information Across the management C
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6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 6.1 PROJECT
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6.9 What were your sources of resea
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8.7 STAFF EVALUATION: How often do
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Appendix 2 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Page 281:
9. Federal School of Wildlife Manag
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