Environmental Impact Assessment Study for <strong>400</strong> <strong>kV</strong> OHL SS Stip – Macedonian-Serbian BorderThe noise from the corona effect is directly dependant on certain physical parameters of theenvironment, particularly the presence of forest belts, morphology of the terrain, etc.Because the energy losses are non-economic, and the noise is undesirable, the coronaeffect in the transmissions lines has been explored in detail in the recent decades.Consequently, the corona effect is entirely known, and when designing the transmissionlines, measures for its minimization are implemented, particularly for high-voltagetransmission lines with voltage levels above 300 <strong>kV</strong>.The proper choice of conductor sizes for the transmission line will reduce the localizedelectric blast on the air on the surface of the conductor, and will further reduce the surfacegradient on the same level that would cause very small and negligible corona activity.111
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for <strong>400</strong> <strong>kV</strong> OHL SS Stip – Macedonian-Serbian Border4.7 Solid Waste ManagementDuring its life cycle, the transmission line will create different types and fractions of waste,including municipal waste, packaging waste and waste from construction activities.Additionally, creation of minor quantities of certain fractions of hazardous waste (paints,varnishes, adhesives, anti-corrosive substances, etc.) is expected, as in the phase ofconstruction, and in the operational phase.Construction phaseAt this stage, the main source of waste will be the construction activities themselves, andwaste generated by the workforce.Taking into consideration the fact that most of the total volume of construction activities willbe of a prefabricated type, the amount of construction waste will be insignificant. Thefractions of waste that will be created as a result of construction activities are in relation tothe types of materials and equipment to be used during the performance of the variousconstruction stages (earthen and concrete works, electro-mechanical works, installationworks, final work, etc.).Technical maintenance of construction machinery and other vehicles will not be conductedwithin the location. For these reasons, creation of waste, characteristic for this type of activity(used tires, batteries and oils from vehicles and other) is not expected.Solid waste that will be produced by the workers during their stay at the site and theconstruction site is municipal waste, and according to its composition is similar to the wastefrom the households.The tables give an overview of the expected types of waste during the construction phase,systematized according to the classification in the List for types of waste.group 15 – Packaging waste15 01 Packaging waste, paper and cardboard, plastics, wood, metal, composite packaging,glass, etc.group 17 – Construction and demolition waste17 03 Waste bituminous mixtures, tar and products from tar * )17 04 Waste from metals17 05 04 Waste from land excavation17 06 04 Isolation materials (that don’t contain asbestos or dangerous substances)17 09 04 Other construction waste (mixed waste)* ) Categorised as hazardous wastegroup 20 – Municipal waste (+ simmilar waste from the industry), including fractions of selectedwaste20 01 Separatly collected fractions (solvents, paint, glues and others* )20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste20 03 07 Bulky waste* ) Depending on the content, they can be categorized as hazardous waste112