Semantic Web-Based Information Systems: State-of-the-Art ...

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Figure 5. A snapshot of creating a language profile Semant c Web of Language Eng neer ng referring tier types such as Time Subdivision, Symbolic Subdivision, or Symbolic Association. To emphasize that a referring tier allows ontology-based annotation, we call it an ontological tier. Only ontological tiers allow annotation based on language profile terms; other types of tiers allow annotation with any string value. Linguistic.Multimedia.Annotation............ with.OntoELAN In this section, we describe an annotation process in OntoELAN using a linguistic multimedia resource annotation example. In general, an annotation process in OntoELAN consists of three major steps: (1) language profile creation, (2) creation of tiers, and (3) creation of annotations. The first step is unnecessary if ontological tiers will not be defined. The second step can be completed partially for non-ontological tiers before the creation of a language profile. It is also possible to have multiple Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
Chebotko, Deng, Lu, Fotouh , & Ar star Figure 6. A snapshot of annotation tiers in the OntoELAN main window profiles for multiple ontological tiers, but there is always one-to-one correspondence between a profile and an ontological tier. As an example, we annotate the audio file, which contains a sentence in Potawatomi, one of the North American native languages. We first load GOLD ontology and create the Potawatomi language profile. Figure 5 presents a snapshot of the profile creation window. The tabs “Index” and “Ontology Tree” on the left provide two views of an ontology: a list view, which displays all the terms of an ontology alphabetically as a list, and a hierarchical view, which displays all the terms of an ontology in a hierarchical fashion to illustrate parentchild relationships between terms. From any of these two views, a user can select required terms and add them to the “Ontological Terms” list, and rename ontological terms as shown in the “User-Defined Terms” list. In Figure 5, we selected the ontological terms “Inanimate” and “Noun” and combine them under one user-defined term “NI.” After the language profile is ready, we define six tiers in the OntoELAN main window (see Figure 6): • Orthographic of type “None” (linked to the time axis) • Translation of type “Symbolic Association” (referring to Orthographic) • Words of type “Symbolic Subdivision” (referring to Orthographic) • Parse of type “Symbolic Subdivision” (referring to Words) • Gloss of type “Symbolic Association” (referring to Parse) Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
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Semantic Web-Based Information Syst
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Chapter.VIII Querying.the.Web.Recon
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the semantics in the Semantic Web.
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the conventional Web, and the emerg
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Chapter.I Semant cs for the Semant
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Entity Identification/Disambiguatio
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Question Answering Systems Semant c
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Web Serv ce Messages 0 Brujin, J.,
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About.the.Authors About the Authors
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About the Authors 0 Veli. Bicer. is
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About the Authors 0 in refereed jou
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About the Authors 0 partment (1992)
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About the Authors Anton.Naumenko.is
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About the Authors Centre and head o
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consumer-centric business model 30
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semantic e-business 214 semantic in
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