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The United States, Darling of the Balticvious summer. This annexation included the duchy of Alexander'suncle, the Duke of Oldenburg, which angered the Tsarmore than anything Napoleon had ever done. Napoleon hadalso extended the borders of his satellite, Poland, reviving thetraditional Russian aversion to a foreign-dominated Poland. Inthe Fall of 1810, Napoleon had approved the nomination bythe Swedish Estates-General of General Bernadotte as thecrown prince of Sweden. From the day he arrived in Sweden,Bernadotte controlled the course of Swedish military and foreignpolicy. This was not a state of affairs Napoleon liked, forhe properly judged Bernadotte to be too independent to besafely given that much power that far from Paris; but to Russia,Bernadotte's arrival in Sweden seemed another move in theominous approach of France toward the territories of Russia.At Russia's front, Napoleon seized whole states; at her northernflank, he insinuated himself into power through hisprotege. 14Russia's fears of these advances and Napoleon's extremeirritation at the commercial ukase of December brought Franceand Russia very close to war in the spring of 1811. (In thespring of 1811, all our protagonists, Russia, France, Britain,and the United States, seemed to be rehearsing for the hecatombsof 1812.)As spring opened, Alexander and Napoleon sent severalhundred thousand me n to glare suspiciously at each other overtheir mutual border. 15 Th e day after Easter, Adams , taking hisconstitutional on the quay, met General Pardo, the ministerfrom Spain, and chatted with him about the crisis. The generalfelt immediate war between France and Russia inevitable,chalking it up to Russia's "commercial system" and the Olden­201