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America, Russia, <strong>Hemp</strong>, and Napoleonin handwriting, "From Messrs. John Matthew Bulkeley and Company ofSt. Petersburg" (Essex Institute).33. Robert G . Albion and Jennie B . Pope, Sea Lanes in Wartime: TheAmerican Experience, 1775-1942 (New York: W . W . Norton & Co.,1942), pp. 107-8.34. Bacon, Memorandum Book, p. 35.35. Ford, Writings of John Quincy Adams, IV, 137—38.36. F. Hitchings, Digest of Duties from 1789 to 1851: The Amount ofDuties Paid into the Salem Custom House from August 15, 1789, to April7, 1851, passim (Peabody Museum).37. Salem Custom House, Entry Book, 7 October 1792, brig "Betsy,"132 tons, 8 men , enters from Gothenburg.38. Log of ship "Rubicon," 1816 (Essex Institute).39. Phillips, "Salem Opens American Trade with Russia," p. 688.40. Log of ship "Astrea," 1787 (Essex Institute).41. Log of ship "Janus," 1816 (Essex Institute).42. This was the actual cargo of the brig "Rebecca" that sailed fromSalem to Havana to Kronstadt (log of brig "Rebecca," 1821 [EssexInstitute]).43. Parkinson, The Trade Winds, p. 87.44. Log of ship "Messenger," 1810 (Essex Institute).45. Log of ship "Friendship," 1811—12 (Essex Institute).46. Log of brig "Cossack," 1815 (Essex Institute).47. Log of ship "Eclipse," 1843 (Essex Institute).48. Log of ship "Friendship," 1811—12 (Essex Institute).49. Oddy, European Commerce, p. 356.50. John White, " A Ne w and Correct Tariff or Book of Rates andDuties on Goods Passing the Sound of Elsinore in Denmark," NationalArchives, Consular Dispatches—Copenhagen, Vol. I.51. C . Adams, Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, II, 29.52. Oddy, European Commerce, p. 358.53. Morris, Encyclopedia of American History, p. 442.54. Rees, Cyclopedia, Vol. X , "Copenhagen"; Walter Teller (ed.), FiveSea Captains (New York: Atheneum, i960), p. 297.55. Log of ship "Pallas," 1801-2 (Peabody Museum) .56. O f the eighty-five American vessels that came to Russia in 1803,eighty-four went to Kronstadt. Of the sixty-six that came in 1804, all butone went to Kronstadt (Oddy, European Commerce, pp. 133, 204; Harris toSecretary of State, 18/30 November 1804, St. Petersburg, NationalArchives, Consular Dispatches—St. Petersburg, Vol. I).57. O f the sixty-six American vessels that arrived at Kronstadt in 1804,forty arrived before 24 June (Oddy, European Commerce, p. 133; Harris to
Secretary of State, 12/24 J uneMaking and Learning the Rules1804, St. Petersburg, National Archives,Consular Dispatches—St. Petersburg, Vol. I.58. Rees, Cyclopedia, Vol. XI, "Kronstadt"; Worcester, GeographicalDictionary, I, 458.59. F. D . Robotti, Chronicles of Old Salem (Salem: Newcomb & GaussCo., 1948), p. 46.60. Rees, Cyclopedia, Vol. XXVIII, "St. Petersburg"; Worcester, GeographicalDictionary, II, 310.61. Oddy, European Commerce, p. 202.62. Actual cargo of snow "Hind," Captain Putnam, which returned toSalem from St. Petersburg in 1793 (Salem Custom House, Entry Book,1792-94).63. In the fall of 1809, an unseasonable west wind pinned the lateships against the Russian coast of the Baltic while an early frost froze themin. Ninety vessels were frozen in at Kronstadt, eighteen of them American(Thomas B . Osgood to Pickman and Derby, 5 December 1809, St. Petersburg,in Letterbook of Captain Thomas B . Osgood, 1809—11 [PeabodyMuseum] ; translated extract from Court Gazette of St. Petersburg, dated27 January 1810, O.S. , National Archives, Diplomatic Dispatches—Russia,Vol. I).64. Oddy, European Commerce, p. 105.65. Log of brig "Independence," 1810-11 (Essex Institute).66. Log of brig "Belle Isle," 1810-11 (Essex Institute).67. Phillips, "Salem Opens American Trade with Russia," p. 688; JamesD . Phillips, "Salem Ocean-Borne Commerce from the Close of the Revolutionto the Establishment of the Constitution," Essex Institute HistoricalCollections, LXX V (July, 1939), 251, 253.
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gmertca,, ?|emp, an& JUapoleonAmeri
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America, Hossia, fiemp, and Bapolco
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Co'pyright (c) 1965 by the Ohio Sta
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ContentsI. The Beginnings 3II. Hemp
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1Wai BeginningsIY COUNTRYMEN, SIRE,
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The BeginningsRussia. H e encourage
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The Beginningsand unloaded there. I
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The Beginningserine the Great. "The
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The Beginningsdictates,firstdeposit
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The Beginnings12. Price, Tobacco Ad
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Hemp,Flax, and Iron: The Amelrican
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Hemp, Flax, and Iron: The American
Page 31 and 32: Hemp, Flax, and Iron: The American
Page 33 and 34: Hemp,Flax, and Iron: The American V
Page 35 and 36: Hemp, Flax, and Iron: The American
Page 37 and 38: Hemf, Flax, and Iron: The American
Page 39 and 40: 3Htmp, flax, and Iron:The RussianQL
Page 41 and 42: Hemp, Flax, and Iron: The Russian V
Page 43 and 44: Hemp,Flax, and Iron: The Russian Vi
Page 45 and 46: Hemp,Flax, and Iron: The Russian Vi
Page 49 and 50: Hemf, Flax, and Iron: The Russian V
Page 53 and 54: A New Flag for the Old Tradethe har
Page 55 and 56: A New Flag for the Old Tradeof thos
Page 57 and 58: A New Flag for the Old TradeDana re
Page 59 and 60: Making and Learning the Rulesthe na
Page 61 and 62: Making and Learning the Rulespart o
Page 63 and 64: Making and Learning the RulesRowan
Page 65 and 66: Making and Learning the RulesMessrs
Page 67 and 68: Making and Learning the RulesCarryi
Page 69 and 70: Making and Learning the Rulessachus
Page 71 and 72: Making and Learning the Rulesonions
Page 73 and 74: Making and Learning the Rulesthe co
Page 75 and 76: Making and Learning the Ruleslast a
Page 77 and 78: Making and Learning the Ruleslong j
Page 79 and 80: Making and Learning the Rulesuncert
Page 81: Making and Learning the Rules18. We
Page 85 and 86: Trade in Time of Warcompletely loos
Page 87 and 88: Trade in Time of Warhealthy 92 per
Page 89 and 90: Trade in Time of Warvived our morib
Page 91 and 92: Trade in Time of WarStates was beco
Page 93 and 94: Trade in Time of Warwanting the Uni
Page 95 and 96: Trade in Time of Waryear of the une
Page 97 and 98: Trade in Time of Warfinal "peace" u
Page 99 and 100: Trade in Time of WarBefore he slept
Page 101 and 102: Trade in Time of War16. Boston Colu
Page 103 and 104: 7alliances and EmbargoV ! / N 21 M
Page 105 and 106: Alliances and EmbargoThe merchant m
Page 107 and 108: Alliances and Embargocommerce with
Page 109 and 110: Alliances and EmbargoI avail myself
Page 111 and 112: Alliances and Embargopower—i.e.,
Page 113 and 114: Alliances and EmbargoBy the summer
Page 115 and 116: Alliances and Embargo"stood down th
Page 117 and 118: Alliances and Embargowar on England
Page 119 and 120: Alliances and Embargo16. Samuel Bar
Page 121 and 122: fraudulent tradingJ0N 1807, EIGHTY-
Page 123 and 124: Fraudulent Tradingon shore. A few o
Page 125 and 126: Fraudulent Trading1808 were either
Page 127 and 128: Fraudulent Tradingnotorious that w
Page 129 and 130: Fraudulent Tradingof France and her
Page 131 and 132: Fraudulent Tradingwas Denmark. Denm
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Fraudulent Tradingbrought into Dani
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Fraudulent TradingVessels Permitted
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%\it ©anish problemRESIDENT JEFFER
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The Danish Problembring such prices
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The Danish Problemvu avec peine qu'
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The Danish Problemparticular charge
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The Danish ProblemIf America's cong
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The Danish Problemwas over, Sweden
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The Danish Problemvessels had thus
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The Danish Problemshuttling neutral
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The Danish Problemtional protection
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The Danish ProblemThere they, too,
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The Danish ProblemIt seems to be a
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The Danish Problem3. Arthur H . Col
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The Danish Problem51. Ryan, "The De
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"the stag
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"packet t
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"ing into
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"November
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels""Calumet
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"course o
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"thus esc
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"surpasse
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"task in
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"A Bull-dog among Spaniels"25. Cole
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Adams in the AscendancyAmerican ves
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Adams in the Ascendancyindigo, cott
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Adams in the AscendancyTsar'sfleetf
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Adams in the AscendancyThe battle w
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Adams in the Ascendancytreasuries o
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Adams in the Ascendancygreat convoy
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Adams in the AscendancyO f 2,000 sh
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Adams in the Ascendancytheir crews
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Adams in the Ascendancyprinciple of
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Adams in the Ascendancyport. Theref
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Adams in the Ascendancyentered at A
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Adams in the Ascendancy31. Smith, R
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12Wnt United States, ©arlingof the
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The United States, Darling of the B
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The Challenge of 18121810 to £731,
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The Challenge of 1812quays of every
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The Challenge of 1812best to clear
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The Challenge of 1812In Russia "the
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The Challenge of 1812ona," "Brother
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The Challenge of 1812had been paid
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The Challenge of 1812non-intercours
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The Challenge of 181224. C . Adams,
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The Wars of 1812England, he wrote f
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The Wars of 1812The Americans at Go
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The Wars of 1812Smith told Summers
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The Wars of 1812Th e only American
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The Wars of 1812plaque in every mar
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The Wars of 1812Madison's rather pr
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The Wars of 1812"Frederick" and "Ca
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The Wars of 1812lonely souls left i
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The Wars of 1812the "Hannibal" arri
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The Wars of 1812ruin/' i.e., the de
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The Wars of 1812Another American po
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The Wars of 1812The third night out
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The Wars of 1812American conquest a
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The Wars of 18123. Smith, Reminisce
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The Wars of 181240. Caulaincourt, W
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Postscript: Levett HarrisDiedrich R
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Postscript: Levett Harrishis consta
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Appendixances of the United States
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Appendix7-9 July 1807—Treaties of
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Appendix5 August 1810—Napoleon in
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BibliograpliuPRIMARYSOURCESA. Manus
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Bibliographyjournals of the House o
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BibliographyThe Miscellaneous Docum
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BibliographyContains a note or two
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BibliographyE. journalsFOOTE , HENR
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BibliographyThe pioneer work in the
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BibliographyCROUZET, FRANgois. L'Ec
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HOPKINS,BibliographyJAMES F. A Hist
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BibliographyContains a few pages on
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BibliographySCOTT, FRANKLIN D . Ber
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A few facts of interest.Bibliograph
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BibliographyA n indispensable accou
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IndexBelts, Great and Little, 61, 1
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IndexGeorge III, 160Germany, 78, 11
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IndexMoniteur, 181Monroe, James, 27
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IndexSheffield, Lord, 46Sherburne,
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IndexWarsaw, 269Woronsow; see Voron
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Previously published . . .Change an
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