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America, Russia, Hemp,and NapoleonBaer, American or not, was in Moscow looking after hisproperty on the night of 15 September. Like Caulaincourt,who slept in the Kremlin that night, he must have started fromsleep to see the red glow offirereflecting from the wall of hisbedroom. When thefire was done, a good part of Moscow wascharred ruin. Mr . Baer had but smoldering remnants of hisgoods, Mr . Treadwell had the same of his cotton, and theFrench had a ne w and discomforting realization of thestrength of Russian determination to expel the invader. 40In the middle of October, the retreat from Mosco w began.Shortly after, the Russian winter, somewhat late this year,arrived, and the Grand Army found itself in a country desertedof everything but snow, ice, and invulnerable clouds of Cossackhorsemen.On 13 January 1813, John Quincy Adams attended a TeDeu m in St. Petersburg in celebration of the total expulsion ofNapoleon's army from Russia. 41 Napoleon had invaded Russiaat the head of a force of six hundred thousand men . Barely onehundred thousand remained whe n the army staggered out ofRussia.Th e Russian victories brought great joy to man y in theUnited States, in spite of the minor fact that Russia was an allyof Great Britain, a nation with which America was at war.Opponents of Madison and the war were especially happy todwell on the details and significance of Russia's triumph. RobertGoodhue Harper, arch-Federalist from Baltimore, gave aringing speech giving special thanks to Russia for her victoriesbecause "enlightened patriotism" would "compel us to grieveover our own victories, which, but for those achieved by thearms of Alexander, would be but so man y steps toward our ow n264