The Coffee Industry – An OverviewIt is believed that coffee was first consumed as a hot beveragein East Africa during the 11th century. Today, coffee is oneof the most popular beverages, with more than $80 billionin retail sales worldwide.* Furthermore, the coffee industryprovides a livelihood for an estimated 25 million coffeefarmers* in more than 60 coffee-producing countries.*The coffee market has always been prone to ups and downs,mostly related to the balance between supply and demand.Back in 2001, coffee prices fell to a record low of $0.42 perpound ($0.91 per kilogram), and fluctuated near the bottomfor several years. These particular market conditions created aclimate of economic instability that had an impact on manyfarmers and their communities. Today’s market conditionsare greatly improved, evident by recent prices of coffee tradedon the New York “C” market (the worldwide reference usedby coffee traders). In fiscal 2006, world coffee prices averaged$1.04 per pound ($2.29 per kilogram).There are two commercially viable species of coffee – robustaand arabica. High-quality arabica coffee is grown on farmsthat range from very small family-run parcels to large-scaleestates, located primarily between the Tropics of Cancer andCapricorn and situated at higher elevations. These elevationsprovide optimal climatic conditions needed to grow the typeof coffee that is considered specialty grade.The higher-quality and more expensive arabica beans aresold as specialty coffee, which accounts for approximately10 percent** of total worldwide coffee purchases, includingthe coffee <strong>Starbucks</strong> buys. <strong>Starbucks</strong> purchases high-qualityarabica coffee beans, paying premium prices for premiumquality. These coffees are sold under the <strong>Starbucks</strong>, Seattle’sBest Coffee and Torrefazione Italia brands.Quick Coffee Facts:Total worldwide coffee production (Oct. 2005–Sept. 2006):15 billion pounds (7 billion kilograms)*Total coffee purchased by <strong>Starbucks</strong> (Oct. 2005–Sept.2006): 294 million pounds (133 million kilograms)Number of coffee farmers worldwide: 25 million*Number of countries where coffee is grown: About 60*Number of countries where <strong>Starbucks</strong> bought coffee infiscal 2006: 24* International Coffee Organization** Specialty Coffee Association of AmericaP R O D U C T S 17
Creating a Sustainable ApproachAfter years of traveling to coffee-growing regions around theworld, we have come to deeply appreciate the care that goesinto producing high-quality coffee. Our coffee buyers, qualityexperts and agronomists spent considerable time in the fieldduring fiscal 2006, sometimes traveling great distances toreach a particular coffee farm.These visits are always worthwhile, especially when we havebeen able to engage directly with farmers, observe theirbest practices, gain insight about their short- and long-termchallenges and identify ways that <strong>Starbucks</strong> can contributeto the longevity of their business. More important, theyhave helped to raise our awareness about the need for a moresustainable approach to coffee production – one that toucheson every essential aspect of the supply chain – from farmingto processing to exporting.When we began our journey to create a more sustainablemodel, there were several key assumptions we considered andwhich we still believe to be relevant today. We assume that:• A holistic strategy for sustainability must include criteriafor quality, social, environmental and economic aspects.• Premium prices paid for coffee are linked topremium quality.• Economic transparency is required and necessary toevaluate whether farmers receive equitable payment fortheir crops.• Our strong relationships and direct engagement withcoffee farmers and suppliers will keep us in touch withtheir progress and issues.• Coffee-growing communities will benefit from theeconomic stability of local farmers as well as from targetedcommunity investments.• Access to credit and other resources will enablefarmers to make quality improvements and strengthentheir businesses.• Certification labels, such as Fair Trade Certified andorganic, help to advance specific aspects of sustainablecoffee farming.• By embracing sustainability, <strong>Starbucks</strong> can lead changewithin the coffee industry.As our journey progressed over several years, we created andlaunched a number of programs and initiatives. Collectively,they represent the key components of <strong>Starbucks</strong> sustainablemodel for coffee production, and have been the focus of ourongoing efforts. They are:• Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) Practices, a set ofcoffee-buying guidelines, was formally introduced infiscal 2004.• <strong>Starbucks</strong> Farmer Support Center, an on-the-ground fieldoffice located in Costa Rica, opened in fiscal 2004 toprovide technical resources and ongoing support to coffeefarmers throughout the world.• Funding of coffee community projects was started infiscal 1998.• <strong>Starbucks</strong> Black Apron Exclusives program launchedin fiscal 2004 to showcase and recognize the productionof rarified coffees of exceptional quality, and rewardthe origin farming community with funding for alocal project.• Loans that enable farmers to access credit began infiscal 2001.• An alliance with Conservation International began in1998 to promote environmentally sound practices aimed atpreserving biodiversity in some coffee-growing regions inLatin America.• The purchasing of certified coffees, such as Fair TradeCertified and organic coffees – both of which promoteaspects of a sustainable farming model – began infiscal 2000.• A partnership with the African Wildlife Foundation toadvance sustainable farming practices in East Africa wasinitiated in fiscal 2005.My <strong>Starbucks</strong> –I want you - my <strong>Starbucks</strong> friends – toappreciate the impact your company ishaving on higher prices being paid tocoffee farmers in Papua New Guinea.The local mill is paying the best pricelocal farmers have ever been paid.Everyone here knows <strong>Starbucks</strong> is buyingthis coffee, but only if it’s good quality.So now farmers are competing with theirquality so they can sell to <strong>Starbucks</strong>.It shows me how supply and demand iscontributing to a sustainable solution.Thank you, <strong>Starbucks</strong>.Aarlie Hull(A coffee supplier to <strong>Starbucks</strong>)P R O D U C T S 18