Annual Report for 2010/11 and Forward Programme - Sellafield Ltd

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40 Bq kg -13Significance21012.5 Bq kg -13Significance21025 Bq kg -13Significance21050 Bq kg -13Significance210-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200Distance along transect (m)Figure 3.9: Profile plots showing the significance of measurements for a transect 50m fromburied 137 Cs sources of 10MBq (black), 50MBq (blue) and 100MBq (red) under rapid surveyconditions, for the medium natural background scenario with increasing uniform 137 Csbackground concentrations.17
3.1.2.2 Detailed Small Area SurveyFor smaller areas, more detailed surveys are possible. These would be conducted at lowerground clearances where possible, and reduced speed and line spacing. For this work, asurvey speed of 15 knots (5 m s -1 ) and a line spacing of 20m has been used as detailed surveyparameters. This corresponds to the survey height and speed for the detailed beach surveyconducted in March 2000 (Sanderson et.al. 2000). This would be sufficient to cover a2kmx200m area of beach in a one hour survey.Figures 3.10-3.12 show the significance of transects across superficial and buried 137 Cs andsuperficial 241 Am sources for 1s measurements at 15m height. As noted, increased integrationtime reduces the measurement uncertainty with optimal integration time corresponding to thetime taken to cross a feature. At 15m ground clearance, 90% of the observed signal isobserved within 25m of the source, giving an optimal integration time of 10s at 15 knots.Table 3.2 gives the significance of 9s measurements for the different source activities anddepths and background conditions for figures 3.10-3.12. It can be seen that for these detailedsurvey parameters, the significance of single 9s measurements would exceed 2 for superficialsources of 200kBq ( 137 Cs) and 1.2MBq ( 241 Am) and buried 1.0MBq 137 Cs sources.The earlier work had shown that reducing ground clearance increases peak count rate, with137 Cs peak count rates at 10m twice those at 15m and at 5m the count rate increases by afactor of 10. Thus, detection limits for very low surveys conducted at even slower speedswould be lower than these.SourceDepth137 Csbackground137 Cs0.1 MBq137 Cs0.2 MBq137 Cs0.5 MBq137 Cs1.0 MBq137 Cs2.0 MBqSurface 0 Bq kg -1 1.49 2.64 5.14 8.0012.5 Bq kg -1 1.36 2.45 4.92 7.7825 Bq kg -1 1.26 2.30 4.72 7.5850 Bq kg -1 1.11 2.07 4.38 7.22Buried 0 Bq kg -1 0.40 0.77 1.73 3.03 4.9912.5 Bq kg -1 0.36 0.69 1.59 2.83 4.7625 Bq kg -1 0.33 0.64 1.48 2.67 4.5750 Bq kg -1 0.28 0.55 1.31 2.41 4.23241 Am241 Am241 Am241 Am10 MBq1 MBq 1.2 MBq 5 MBqSurface 0 Bq kg -1 1.95 2.31 7.78 12.9112.5 Bq kg -1 1.89 2.24 7.64 12.7525 Bq kg -1 1.84 2.18 7.50 12.5950 Bq kg -1 1.75 2.08 7.25 12.28Table 3.2: Significance of single 9s measurements centred on different sources indifferent 137 Cs background concentrations for detailed survey parameters.18
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Particles in the EnvironmentAnnual
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011ContentsPur
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011List of Tab
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20111. Introduc
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Figure 2.1.
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011In August 2
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20112.3.4 Find
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011as well as
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011The monitor
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011(Field Inst
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011number of f
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20114.5004.000F
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Table 3.5.
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20113.1.5 Risks
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011presence of
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Beta-rich A
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Find Popula
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Log Am241 A
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Beach Find
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Log Pu239 A
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Figure 3.22
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Table 3.9.
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2.52.72.93.13.33.53.73.94.14.34.54.
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011In summary,
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011particles h
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011• Boron,
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Table 3.15.
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Recommendat
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Recommendat
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011homogeneous
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011[the Sellaf
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Figure 3.33
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011 © Nuclea
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011 © Nucle
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011The finding
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Communicati
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011The numbers
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011wear gloves
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20116. Aims and
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011specificati
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20116.5 Primary
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20113. Where ar
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20115. What is
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Fundamental
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011size and wi
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 201130 May Drig
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20117.2 Applica
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20117.2.3 Consi
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 20117.3.2 DSRL
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011contract mo
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011From 2008/0
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ID WBS Task Name Duration Start Fin
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Hackney PD,
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SSEM/2011/4730 June 2011Appendix 12
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Harrington monitoring extent and as
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Whitehaven North/Harbour monitoring
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Nethertown monitoring extent for 20
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Drigg monitoring extent and associa
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Contents1. Introduction ...........
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Figure 1 - Swath bathymetry of Scro
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Figures 4 to 6 show the same data w
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3.2 Options for acquiring new bathy
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3.3 Interpretation of gross geomorp
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Head, shows a marked northerly sedi
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of artefacts affecting the original
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Executive Summary
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Table of contents1 Introduction ...
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sinks and transport pathways of rad
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Page 223 and 224: About usCefas is a multi-disciplina
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Page 227 and 228: SummaryThe response of large volume
Page 229 and 230: Contents1. INTRODUCTION ...........
Page 231 and 232: Figure 3.15: 137 Cs activity concen
Page 233 and 234: 2. MODEL PARAMETERISATIONThe approa
Page 235 and 236: Figure 2.2: Stripped 137 Cs count r
Page 237 and 238: 200150Number of finds1005000 5 10 1
Page 239 and 240: 1000 Bq kg -1SignificanceSignifican
Page 241 and 242: SignificanceSignificanceSignificanc
Page 243 and 244: 0 Bq kg -1SignificanceSignificanceS
Page 245 and 246: 40 Bq kg -13Significance21012.5 Bq
Page 247: 40 Bq kg -13Significance21012.5 Bq
Page 251 and 252: 40 Bq kg -13Significance21012.5 Bq
Page 253 and 254: 3.2 Patches of Enhanced 137 Cs acti
Page 255 and 256: 3020Stripped cps100-100 200 400 600
Page 261 and 262: 4. DISCUSSIONThe work reported here
Page 263 and 264: distribution. There appears to be n
Page 265 and 266: clearance reduce detection limits,
Page 267 and 268: Appendix A: Location and Activity D
Page 269 and 270: Position (BNG)Activity of recovered
Page 271 and 272: 11/09/2007 301521 503408 6 Sand 195
Page 273 and 274: 14/11/2007 301442 503457 4 Sand 255
Page 275 and 276: 10/01/2008 301694 503522 12 Sand 27
Page 277 and 278: 24/06/2008 301662 503500 4 Sand 263
Page 279 and 280: 27/10/2008 302058 503065 5 Sand 128
Page 281 and 282: 16/01/2009 301522 503320 7 Sand 367
Page 283 and 284: 22/09/2009 301787 503592 7 Pebbles
Page 285 and 286: 17/03/2010 301446 503542 2 Sand 26
Page 287 and 288: 31/08/2010 300219 505597 0 Sand 33
Page 291 and 292: 24/05/2010 299805 505799 3 Sand 30
Page 295 and 296: Activity of recoveredPosition (BNG)
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Page 2 of 3provides useful informat
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Week StartingSoftrak Beach Monitori
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Additional justification of 2011/12
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In the context of the total monitor
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Annual Report for 2010/11 and Forward Programme - Sellafield Ltd

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