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(a) D1 - D3 (b) D1 - D4(c) D1 - D6 (d) D1 - D7(e) D1 - D8 (f) D1 - D9FIG.61. RTD analysis of the primary digester with perfect mixers in series model.59
(a) D4 - D12(b) D4 - D16 (c) D1 - D16FIG.62. RTD analysis of the secondary digester.TABLE 8. RTD RESULTS OF THE TWO STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERDigesterPrimaryDigesterSecondaryDigesterTotalDetector No.InOutInOutInOutD1D4D4D16D1D16TanknumberMRT(theory)MRT(measured)ActivevolumeDeadVolume1.0 8.5d 7.4d 87% 13%1.3 8.5d 6.3d 74% 26%2.5 17.0d 13.5d 79% 21%The dead volume was estimated by using the following equation:DV (%)⎛ MRT⎜1−⎝ MRT=thexp⎞⎟ × 100⎠where DV means the percentage of the dead volume to the total volume. MRT exp and MRT th arethe experimental MRT and the theoretical MRT, respectively.60
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Radiotracer Applications inWastewat
Page 3 and 4:
The following States are Members of
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TRAINING COURSE SERIES No. 49RADIOT
Page 7 and 8:
EDITORIAL NOTEThe use of particular
Page 9 and 10:
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS .........
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The success of radiotracer applicat
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skimmed out. Flotation, as currentl
Page 16 and 17:
1.3.3. Primary clarifiersA clarifie
Page 18 and 19: esidence times of phases, mixing ch
Page 20 and 21: FIG.8. Secondary clarifier: periphe
Page 22 and 23: processes that occur in natural env
Page 24 and 25: The RTD and MRT are parameters that
Page 26 and 27: (b) Perfect mixers in series modelA
Page 28 and 29: and practically it has better sense
Page 30 and 31: The experimental RTD curve gives ma
Page 32 and 33: FIG.18. Experimental and CFD calcul
Page 34 and 35: Optical tracers can be divided in t
Page 36 and 37: Table 1b. Liquid tracers.- Field of
Page 38 and 39: TABLE 2. SOME WATER RADIOTRACERSIso
Page 40 and 41: The detection efficiency (ϕ) is de
Page 42 and 43: Since on-line radiotracer technique
Page 44 and 45: source. The dose received is direct
Page 46 and 47: 4. CASE STUDIESWastewater from indu
Page 48 and 49: FIG.26. Scheme of equalizer-clarifi
Page 50 and 51: FIG.29. Exp. RTD of S2 and S3 jet m
Page 52 and 53: FIG.33. Experimental RTD curves mea
Page 54 and 55: 1. Radiotracer testsRadiotracer Br-
Page 56 and 57: 4.00E-033.50E-03ExperimentalModel3.
Page 58 and 59: 3. Conclusions• The aeration tank
Page 60 and 61: FIG.50. Experimental response curve
Page 62 and 63: 4.8. DIAGNOSIS OF A CYLINDRICAL TWO
Page 64 and 65: FIG.56. RTD simulation for experime
Page 66 and 67: The radiotracer was chosen to trace
Page 70 and 71: (d) ConclusionsThe diagnosis of dig
Page 72 and 73: • average gamma energy of 400 keV
Page 74 and 75: To estimate the MRT of the mud insi
Page 76 and 77: FIG.71. Experimental RTD curve and
Page 78 and 79: FIG.75. Biological aeration tank.FI
Page 80 and 81: 4.12.2. Radiotracer experiment(a) L
Page 82 and 83: FIG.80. The experimental RTD curve
Page 84 and 85: FIG.84. Experimental RTD curve of l
Page 86 and 87: FIG.88. Characteristic curves of se
Page 88 and 89: tracer background level detection.
Page 90 and 91: As seen from Fig. 94, the tanks-in-
Page 92 and 93: FIG.99. Experimental RTD curves wit
Page 94: The experimental RTD curves obtaine
Page 98: BIBLIOGRAPHYBORROTO J.I., DOMINGUEZ
Page 102: CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
Page 106: I S S N 1 0 1 8 - 5 5 1 8
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