Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect ...

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AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center is an active member of this working group. The Centerhosted the first and second workshops in Taiwan in 1985 and 1990, respectively. Incollaboration with Cornell University (USA) and Kasetsart University (Thailand), the Centerorganized the Sixth International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth andOther Crucifer Insect Pests at Kasetsart University’s Kamphaeng Saen campus, Nakhon Pathom,Thailand from March 21‐25, 2011. About 120 participants from 22 countries participated in theworkshop.The Proceedings reflects recent research and development issues in the management of DBMand other insect pests on brassicas. It summarizes recent advances in the fields of bio‐ecologyand behavior of DBM and other crucifer pests, host plant resistance, biological and nonchemicalmanagement, insecticides, IPM systems, genomic and other novel approaches, andalso explores global challenges in the 21st century in brassica pest management. I trust thisProceedings will serve as a resource for researchers, extension staff, entrepreneurs, andpolicymakers in research, education, and the agrochemical sector.Dr. J.D.H. KeatingeDirector GeneralAVRDC – The World Vegetable Centerx
AcknowledgementsThe Sixth International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and OtherCrucifer Insect Pests was organized by AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center in collaborationwith Cornell University (USA) and Kasetsart University (Thailand). The workshop was held atKasetsart University’s Kamphaeng Saen campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand from March 21‐25,2011. Forty‐eight oral presentations and 19 poster presentations were made in seven scientificsessions: diamondback moth and other crucifer insect pests ‐ global challenges in the 21stcentury; biology, ecology and behavior of diamondback moth and other crucifer pests; Insect ‐plant interactions, chemical ecology and plant resistance; biological and non‐chemicalmanagement of crucifer insects; insecticides and insecticide resistance; overcoming barriers todevelopment and implementation of IPM systems for crucifers; and genomic and other novelapproaches to crucifer pest management. I thank all 114 delegates from 22 countries whoseparticipation made this workshop a great success.I would like to acknowledge Dr. Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes (Deputy Director General forResearch, AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan) and Dr. Sombat Chinawong (Vice‐President, Kamphaeng Saen campus, Kasetsart University, Thailand), who served as theWorkshop Presidents and provided all necessary support. I also thank the Organizing Committeemembers, especially Dr. Anthony M Shelton, Dr. Brigitte Nyambo, Dr. David Grzywacz, Dr.Myron Zalucki, Dr. Rami Kfir, Dr. Sivapragasam Annamalai, and Dr. Zhenyu Li who assisted me indeveloping the scientific program. I am equally grateful to Dr. Sermsiri Chanprem, Dr. SirikulWasee, Dr. Thammasak Thongket and Ms. Kanokwan Laoaroon of Kasetsart University, and Dr.Robert Holmer and Mr. Steve Kebasen of AVRDC East and Southeast Asia who provided greatsupport and excellent logistics for a successful workshop.I am very grateful to Kasetsart University for the conference venue. Generous financial supportfrom the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of Republic of China (Taiwan), DuPont, DowAgroSciences, Valent BioSciences Corporation and East‐West Seed helped us to bring in invitedspeakers and eminent Brassica IPM researchers from around the world.I also thank Dr. Anthony M Shelton, Ms. Hilda L Collins of Cornell University, and Ms. MaureenMecozzi of AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center for editing the text, and Ms. Chen Te‐ying(Kathy) and Ms. Chen Mei‐hong (Angela) of AVRDC for formatting the Proceedings. Finally,thanks to OMNIPRESS (Madison, WI, USA) for setting up the abstract and final papers collectionsystem, and preparing the Proceedings CD.Dr. Srinivasan RamasamyEntomologist, AVRDC – The World Vegetable CenterWorkshop Organizing Secretaryxi
Page 1 and 2: PROCEEDINGSThe Sixth International
Page 3 and 4: PROCEEDINGSThe Sixth International
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsForewordixAcknowle
Page 7 and 8: Myco‐Jaal® - A novel formulation
Page 9: ForewordVegetable brassicas such as
Page 15 and 16: Behavioral and geneticcomponents of
Page 17 and 18: more wandering behavior in the pres
Page 19 and 20: influenced whether larvae remained
Page 21 and 22: CLIMEX calculates a growth index (G
Page 23 and 24: Table 1 (continued)LimitingprocessW
Page 25 and 26: Figure 5. Observed DBM light trap c
Page 27 and 28: Rising to the challenge: anational
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. List of insecticides for w
Page 31 and 32: Progress and challengesin the Bt br
Page 33 and 34: mixtures. One third of farmers were
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Mortality of lepidopteran
Page 37 and 38: o The Genetics Engineering Approval
Page 39 and 40: AVRDC; A. Rauf of Bogor University
Page 41: SESSION 2Biology, ecology and behav
Page 44 and 45: fields of Thondamuthur village, Coi
Page 46 and 47: Table 2. Morphometrics of C. binota
Page 48 and 49: On the basis of LC 50 values, the s
Page 50 and 51: Natural mortality ofPlutella xylost
Page 52 and 53: (x10 magnification) and excess eggs
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2. Lifetables for insect coh
Page 56 and 57: Diadegma semiclausum is well establ
Page 58 and 59: Diurnal behavior ofnaturally micros
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changed after the eggs were counted
Page 62 and 63:
Geden, C. J., Long, S. J., Rutz, D.
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Scaptomyza flava (GP Walker, unpubl
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longer distance migrations into the
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FIGURESFigures 1A & B. Mean number
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Monitoring of cabbagelooper, Tricho
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populations of British Columbia col
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Importance ofglucosinolates indeter
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the importance of glucosinolates in
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Olfactory responses ofPlutella xylo
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Figure. 1: Percentage of adult P. x
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Moorthy, 1992) have reported that p
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P
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egg masses and more eggs in total o
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SESSION 4Biological and non‐chemi
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on cabbage cultivation in one seaso
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four stages at day 7 post treatment
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Table 5. Biological effects of 17 e
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Kelly A Cook. K.a., S.T. Ratcliffe.
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applied only once every three weeks
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South Africa was assigned to supply
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Waladde SM, Leutle MF, Villet MH. 2
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study site
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Several studies have demonstrated t
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approach would continue until it ev
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ecorded in Hod 3 (19.1%), followed
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plutellae. Many adults of C. plutel
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litura (SL) which normally live in
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Table 2. Sizes of m-PX and m-SL fro
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helping us with the in vivo study.
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Since temperature is one of the mos
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Figure 4. Effect of different conce
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Predators in early seasonbrassica c
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Table 2. Predators encountered duri
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Table 5. Sticky trap captures for c
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dwelling predators, although it is
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Predators per trap109876543Lycosida
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Mortality was calculated using Abbo
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DBM fed on the leaf discs treated w
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Quality aspects of Bacillusthuringi
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five applications one week apart fo
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Antifeedant effect ofAcorus calamus
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Figure 1. Concentration-antifeedant
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CONCLUSIONA. calamus extracted in f
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of D. grandiflora on the growth kin
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etween antifeedant activity and con
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Table 2. Antifeedant index (AFI) an
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Field evaluation of insectexclusion
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Three main Lepidoptera pests were o
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price (SBD)30.0025.0020.0015.0010.0
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STATISTICAL ANALYSISThe data collec
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Myco-Jaal: a novelformulation of Be
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asexual conidium. The conidia adher
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Table 1. Efficacy of Myco-Jaal on y
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Susceptibility ofdiamondback moth a
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Table 1. Toxicity of Cry1Ac to fiel
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ReferencesAbbott WS. 1925. A method
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76°58′17″E), Tamil Nadu, India
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International Workshop, Talekar NS,
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Table 3. Effect of Neem limonoids o
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Figure 1. Structure of neem limonoi
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catch up with the farming community
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All treatments were imposed by usin
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The above results indicate that the
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A strong negative relationship obse
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ReferencesAnonymous 2000. Package o
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egularly causes epizootics in popul
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treatments. It is evident that DBM
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Table 1. Effects of three aqueous s
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egion (Adams, 1959); it is a native
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Effects of Cry toxins and Bt formul
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Hilbeck A, Baumgartner M, Fried MP,
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Table 3. Effect of Cry 1Ba2 on Cote
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SESSION 5Insecticides and insectici
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time. Within four years of the firs
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Update on DBM diamideresistance fro
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In year 2011, Sai Noi and Tha Muang
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Lahm GP, Cordova D, Barry JD. 2009.
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Fipronil acts by blocking chloride
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Table 2. Slope, LC 50 (ppm) and let
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Figure 2. Lethal dose ratios for fi
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y the inherent lower susceptibility
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Diamondback mothresistance to commo
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of the relative potency of each ins
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Table 3: Susceptibility of six fiel
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Spinetoram, a newspinosyn insectici
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Spinetoram is also highly effective
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Norte del Estado areas of Guanajuat
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Insecticide resistancemanagement: s
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still exist. The second source of i
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they organized the so called “Dia
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Recent developments inmanagement of
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is the reciprocal of the relative p
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developing thresholds for new brass
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Table 3: Spinosad (Success®) and i
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Insecticide sprays are generally ap
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may still benefit from doing so, ir
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generations” to Group 28 insectic
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Management of insecticideresistance
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Stop cultivation of crucifer crops
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252 AVRDC - The World Vegetable Cen
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Impact of reduced-riskinsecticides
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mines) on the 10 plants in each plo
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Table 4. Follow up with growers aft
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Guided by such objective, the Thai
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establishment rapidly achieved by D
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Malaysian Agricultural Research and
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the farmers. We report the developm
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Table 3. Number of DBM larvae in th
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Pest status and damage potentialThe
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Life tableLife table of DBM reveals
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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)Currentl
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CHEMICAL INSECTICIDESPeter et al. (
Page 291 and 292:
Manjunath TM. 1972. Biological stud
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Armyworm, Spodoptera litura Armywo
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Adoption and perceptionTable 5 show
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Control of brassica pests -an examp
Page 299 and 300:
Table 2. A Comparison of IPM and Pe
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Occurrence and control ofPlutella x
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Apopul at i on dynami c ( l ar va/
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Diadegma semiclausumD. semiclausum,
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Diamondback moth(Plutella xylostell
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SESSION 7Genomic and other novel ap
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management (IPM) systems (Shelton e
Page 314 and 315:
Kalra VK, Sharma SS, Chauhan R, Bha
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Table 2. Segregation analysis based
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current paper provides detail on th
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Proteins do not act antagonisticall
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CONCLUSIONThe transformation events
Page 324 and 325:
Enhancement of the sterileinsect te
Page 326 and 327:
optimisation of transformation prot
Page 328 and 329:
Workshop PresidentsDr. Jacqueline d
Page 330 and 331:
Participant e‐mail Organization C
Page 332 and 333:
Author IndexAbuzid, I..............
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