Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect ...

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thanked for comments on an earlier draft of themanuscript.ReferencesCarriere, Y, Ellers-Kirk, C, Sisterson, M, Antilla, L, Whitlow, M,Dennehy, TJ and Tabashnik, BE. (2003). Long-term regionalsuppression of pink bollworm by Bacillus thuringiensis cotton.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 100: 1519-1523.Chapman, JW, Reynolds, DR, Smith, AD, Riley, JR, Pedgley,DE and Woiwood, IP. (2002). High-altitude migration of thediamondback moth Plutella xylostella in the UK: a studyusing radar, aerial netting and ground trapping. EcologicalEntomology 27:641-650.Chu, Y-I. (1986). The migration of diamondback moth. In: NSTalekar and TD Griggs [eds.], Diamondback MothManagement, Proceedings of the First InternationalWorkshop, AVRDC, Taiwan.Collier, RH and Finch, S. (2004). Forecasting attacks by pestinsects of cruciferous crops. In: NM Endersby and PMRidlands [eds.], The Management of Diamondback Mothand Other Crucifer Pests. The Regional Institute, Gosford,Australia.Furlong, MJ, Shi, Z-H, Liu, Y-Q, Guo, S-J, Lu, Y-B, Liu, S-S andZalucki, MP. (2004a). Experimental analysis of the influenceof pest management practice on the efficacy of an endemicarthropod natural enemy complex of the diamondbackmoth. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1814-1827.Furlong, MJ, Shi, Z-H, Liu, S-S and Zalucki, MP. (2004b).Evaluation of the impact of natural enemies on Plutellaxylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) populations oncommercial Brassica farms. Agricultural and ForestEntomology 6: 311-322.Furlong, MJ, Kim, HJ, Pak, WS, Jo, KC, Ri, CI and Zalucki, MP.(2008). Integration of endemic natural enemies and Bacillusthuringiensis to manage insect pests of Brassica crops inNorth Korea. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment125: 223-238.Honda, K. (1992). Hibernation and migration of diamondbackmoth in northern Japan. In: N.S. Talekar [ed.],Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests: Proceedingsof the Second International Workshop. AVRDC, Taiwan.Lawson, BE, Day, MD, Bowen, M, Van Klinken, RD and Zalucki,MP. (2010).The effect of data sources and quality on thepredictive capacity of CLIMEX models: An assessment ofTeleonemia scrupulosa and Octotoma scabripennis for thebiocontrol of Lantana camara in Australia. Biological Control52: 68-76.Liu, S-S, Chen F-Z and Zalucki, MP. (2002). Development andsurvival of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), at constant and alternatingtemperatures. Environmental Entomology 31: 1-12.Maelzer, DA, Zalucki, MP and Laughlin, R. (1996). An analysisof historic light trap data for Helicoverpa punctigera:Forecasting the size of pest population. Bulletin ofEntomological Research 86: 547-557.Maywald, GF and Sutherst, RW. (1991). Users guide toCLIMEX a computer program for comparing climates inecology. Second edition, CSIRO Australia, Division ofEntomology Report No. 48.Maywald, GF, Sutherst, RW and Zalucki, MP. (1999). DYMEXProfessional: Modelling Natural Systems, CD-ROM, CSIROPublishing.Mohandass, S and Zalucki, MP. (2004). DBM Development: Arewe measuring the right temperatures? In: N.M. Endersbyand P.M. Ridlands [eds.], The Management ofDiamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests. The RegionalInstitute, Gosford, Australia.Muthuthantri, S, Maelzer, D, Zalucki, MP and Clarke, AR.(2010). The seasonal phenology of Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Queensland. AustralianJournal of Entomology 49: 221-233.Shaw, MW and Hurst, GW. (1969). A minor immigration of thediamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (MaculipennisCurtis). Agricultural Meteorology 6:125- 132.Sutherst, RW and Maywald, GF. (2004). CLIMEX version 3.Users guide. Hearne Scientific Software, Melbourne,Australia.Sutherst, RW and Maywald, GF. (2005). A climate model of thered imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren(Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Implications for invasion ofnew regions, particularly Oceania. EnvironmentalEntomology 34: 317-335.Sutherst, RW, Constable, F, Finlay, KJ, Harrington, R. Luck, Jand Zalucki, MP. (2011). Adapting to crop pest andpathogen risks under a changing climate. WileyInterdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2(2): 220-237.van Klinken, R, Lawson, BE and Zalucki, MP. (2009).Bioclimatic modelling of a Neo-tropical shrub: the effectparameter uncertainty has on predicting invasions andresponse to climate change. Global Ecology andBiogeography 18: 688-700.Yonow, T and Sutherst, RW. (1998). The geographicaldistribution of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus)tryoni, in relation to climate. Australian Journal ofAgricultural Research 49: 935-953.Yonow, T, Zalucki, MP, Sutherst, RW, Dominiak, B, Maywald,GF, Maelzer, DA and Kriticos, DJ. (2004). Modelling thepopulation dynamics of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera(Dacus) tryoni: a cohort-based approach incorporating theeffects of weather. Ecological Modelling 173: 9-30.Zalucki, MP and Furlong, MJ. (2005). Forecasting Helicoverpapopulations in Australia: a comparison of regression basedmodels and a bio-climatic based modelling approach. InsectScience 12: 45-56.Zalucki, MP and van Klinken, R. (2006). Predicting populationdynamics and abundance of introduced biological agents:Science or gazing into crystal balls. Australian Journal ofEntomology 45: 331-344.Zalucki, MP and Furlong, MJ. (2008). Predicting outbreaks of amigratory pest: an analysis of DBM distribution andabundance. In: A.M. Shelton, H.L. Collins, Y-J. Zhang andQ-J. Wu. [eds.], The Management of Diamondback Mothand Other Crucifer Insect Pests: Proceedings of the FifthInternational Workshop, China Agricultural Science andTechnology Press, Beijing, China, pp 122-131.Zalucki, MP, Adamson, D and Furlong, MJ. (2009). The futureof IPM: Whither or wither? Australian Journal of Entomology48: 85-96.14 AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center
Rising to the challenge: anational project onsustainable control ofDBM in ChinaFENG XiaINSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION, GUANGDONGACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GUANGZHOU510640, PR CHINAfengx@gdppri.comLI Zhen-YuINSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION, GUANGDONGACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GUANGZHOU510640, PR CHINACHEN Huan-YuINSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION, GUANGDONGACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GUANGZHOU510640, PR CHINAWU Qing-JunINSTITUTE OF VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS, CHINESEACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BEIJING, 100081,PR CHINACHEN Ai-DongINSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ANDRESOURCE,YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURALSCIENCES, KUNMING 650205, PR CHINAWU Yi-DongCOLLEGE OF PLANT PROTECTION; NANJINGAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, NANJING 210095, PR CHINAHOU You-MingCOLLEGE OF PLANT PROTECTION, FUJIAN AGRICULTUREAND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, KEY LABORATORY OFSUBTROPICAL AGRO-BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS ANDMANAGEMENT, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FUZHOU350002, PR CHINAHE Yu-RongCOLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT,SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUANGZHOU510642, PR CHINALI Jian-HongCOLLEGE OF PLANT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, WUHAN, 430070,PR CHINAXIE Sheng-HuaINSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND PLANTPROTECTION; HAINAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURALSCIENCES, HAIKOU 571100, PR CHINAZHANG Jin-MingINSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION AND MICROBIOLOGY,ZHEJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,HANGZHOU 310021, PR CHINAFU WeiHUNAN PLANT PROTECTION INSTITUTE, CHANGSHA410125, PR CHINAMA Chun-SenINSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION; CHINESE ACADEMYOF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BEIJING 100193, PR CHINAABSTRACTOver-wintering and migration, insecticide resistancemonitoring, resistance mechanism, resistancemanagement and sustainable control of diamondbackmoth were carried out in South-, Southeast-, North-,Southwest- and Middle of People’s Republic of China.The results indicated that the number of generations ofdiamondback was increasing from north to south. Thepopulation peak is late from south to north. There are oneto two peaks each year. The population is affected bytemperature, rainfall, natural enemies, etc. The results ofresistance monitoring and management studies showedthat the resistance to 11 selected insecticides is high.There were huge differences among different areas. Theresistance was high in South, Southwest and Southeastand on rise in Middle and North. The resistancemanagement strategies were built according to themonitoring. The result of over-winter and migrationstudies illustrated that it was a borderline of over winterfrom Wuhan to Zhu Madian. The diamondback mothcould migrate following two patterns. One was “move inand move out”, and another was “move in and settledown”. The results of resistance mechanism clarified thatit was different style of inheritance to Bt, abamectin,chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb and diafenthiuron. The methodsand strategies of diamondback moth integratedmanagement were for each region. Forty-five basedemonstrations were established for the technologies tobe demonstrated for managing diamondback moth inSouth, North, Middle, Southeast and Southwest of PRChina. During these demonstrations, more than 160,000technical handbooks were delivered, and 51,900 farmersproducing brassicas in 24,000 ha farms and orchardswere trained, and obvious economic, ecological andsocial benefits were obtained subsequently.Keywordsdiamondback moth, resistance detection, resistancemechanism, resistance management, sustainable controlINTRODUCTIONThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), infesting over 40 plantspecies, is a well-known and destructive insect pest ofbrassica crops worldwide. In China, DBM is now themost serious threat to vegetable brassica production inSouth China, and canola production in West China,although its occurrence has been found in many otherprovinces, as well. The DBM larva can damage thecruciferous plants by feeding and mining during thewhole growing season. Outbreaks of DBM in Chinasometimes cause more than 90% crop loss (Chin etal.1990). In Shanghai (PR China), when no insecticidesThe 6th International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect Pests 15
Page 1 and 2: PROCEEDINGSThe Sixth International
Page 3 and 4: PROCEEDINGSThe Sixth International
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsForewordixAcknowle
Page 7 and 8: Myco‐Jaal® - A novel formulation
Page 9 and 10: ForewordVegetable brassicas such as
Page 11: AcknowledgementsThe Sixth Internati
Page 15 and 16: Behavioral and geneticcomponents of
Page 17 and 18: more wandering behavior in the pres
Page 19 and 20: influenced whether larvae remained
Page 21 and 22: CLIMEX calculates a growth index (G
Page 23 and 24: Table 1 (continued)LimitingprocessW
Page 25: Figure 5. Observed DBM light trap c
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. List of insecticides for w
Page 31 and 32: Progress and challengesin the Bt br
Page 33 and 34: mixtures. One third of farmers were
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Mortality of lepidopteran
Page 37 and 38: o The Genetics Engineering Approval
Page 39 and 40: AVRDC; A. Rauf of Bogor University
Page 41: SESSION 2Biology, ecology and behav
Page 44 and 45: fields of Thondamuthur village, Coi
Page 46 and 47: Table 2. Morphometrics of C. binota
Page 48 and 49: On the basis of LC 50 values, the s
Page 50 and 51: Natural mortality ofPlutella xylost
Page 52 and 53: (x10 magnification) and excess eggs
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2. Lifetables for insect coh
Page 56 and 57: Diadegma semiclausum is well establ
Page 58 and 59: Diurnal behavior ofnaturally micros
Page 60 and 61: changed after the eggs were counted
Page 62 and 63: Geden, C. J., Long, S. J., Rutz, D.
Page 64 and 65: Scaptomyza flava (GP Walker, unpubl
Page 66 and 67: longer distance migrations into the
Page 68 and 69: FIGURESFigures 1A & B. Mean number
Page 70 and 71: Monitoring of cabbagelooper, Tricho
Page 72 and 73: populations of British Columbia col
Page 75 and 76: Importance ofglucosinolates indeter
Page 77 and 78:
the importance of glucosinolates in
Page 79 and 80:
Olfactory responses ofPlutella xylo
Page 81 and 82:
Figure. 1: Percentage of adult P. x
Page 83 and 84:
Moorthy, 1992) have reported that p
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P
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egg masses and more eggs in total o
Page 89:
SESSION 4Biological and non‐chemi
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on cabbage cultivation in one seaso
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four stages at day 7 post treatment
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Table 5. Biological effects of 17 e
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Kelly A Cook. K.a., S.T. Ratcliffe.
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applied only once every three weeks
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South Africa was assigned to supply
Page 104 and 105:
Waladde SM, Leutle MF, Villet MH. 2
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study site
Page 108 and 109:
Several studies have demonstrated t
Page 110 and 111:
approach would continue until it ev
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ecorded in Hod 3 (19.1%), followed
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plutellae. Many adults of C. plutel
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litura (SL) which normally live in
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Table 2. Sizes of m-PX and m-SL fro
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helping us with the in vivo study.
Page 122 and 123:
Since temperature is one of the mos
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Figure 4. Effect of different conce
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Predators in early seasonbrassica c
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Table 2. Predators encountered duri
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Table 5. Sticky trap captures for c
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dwelling predators, although it is
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Predators per trap109876543Lycosida
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Mortality was calculated using Abbo
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DBM fed on the leaf discs treated w
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Quality aspects of Bacillusthuringi
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five applications one week apart fo
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Antifeedant effect ofAcorus calamus
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Figure 1. Concentration-antifeedant
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CONCLUSIONA. calamus extracted in f
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of D. grandiflora on the growth kin
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etween antifeedant activity and con
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Table 2. Antifeedant index (AFI) an
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Field evaluation of insectexclusion
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Three main Lepidoptera pests were o
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price (SBD)30.0025.0020.0015.0010.0
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STATISTICAL ANALYSISThe data collec
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Myco-Jaal: a novelformulation of Be
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asexual conidium. The conidia adher
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Table 1. Efficacy of Myco-Jaal on y
Page 171 and 172:
Susceptibility ofdiamondback moth a
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Table 1. Toxicity of Cry1Ac to fiel
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ReferencesAbbott WS. 1925. A method
Page 177 and 178:
76°58′17″E), Tamil Nadu, India
Page 179 and 180:
International Workshop, Talekar NS,
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Table 3. Effect of Neem limonoids o
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Figure 1. Structure of neem limonoi
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catch up with the farming community
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All treatments were imposed by usin
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The above results indicate that the
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A strong negative relationship obse
Page 193 and 194:
ReferencesAnonymous 2000. Package o
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egularly causes epizootics in popul
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treatments. It is evident that DBM
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Table 1. Effects of three aqueous s
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egion (Adams, 1959); it is a native
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Effects of Cry toxins and Bt formul
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Hilbeck A, Baumgartner M, Fried MP,
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Table 3. Effect of Cry 1Ba2 on Cote
Page 209:
SESSION 5Insecticides and insectici
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time. Within four years of the firs
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Update on DBM diamideresistance fro
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In year 2011, Sai Noi and Tha Muang
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Lahm GP, Cordova D, Barry JD. 2009.
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Fipronil acts by blocking chloride
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Table 2. Slope, LC 50 (ppm) and let
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Figure 2. Lethal dose ratios for fi
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y the inherent lower susceptibility
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Diamondback mothresistance to commo
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of the relative potency of each ins
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Table 3: Susceptibility of six fiel
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Spinetoram, a newspinosyn insectici
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Spinetoram is also highly effective
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Norte del Estado areas of Guanajuat
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Insecticide resistancemanagement: s
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still exist. The second source of i
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they organized the so called “Dia
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Recent developments inmanagement of
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is the reciprocal of the relative p
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developing thresholds for new brass
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Table 3: Spinosad (Success®) and i
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Insecticide sprays are generally ap
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may still benefit from doing so, ir
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generations” to Group 28 insectic
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Management of insecticideresistance
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Stop cultivation of crucifer crops
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252 AVRDC - The World Vegetable Cen
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Impact of reduced-riskinsecticides
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mines) on the 10 plants in each plo
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Table 4. Follow up with growers aft
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Guided by such objective, the Thai
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establishment rapidly achieved by D
Page 277 and 278:
Malaysian Agricultural Research and
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the farmers. We report the developm
Page 281 and 282:
Table 3. Number of DBM larvae in th
Page 283 and 284:
Pest status and damage potentialThe
Page 285 and 286:
Life tableLife table of DBM reveals
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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)Currentl
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CHEMICAL INSECTICIDESPeter et al. (
Page 291 and 292:
Manjunath TM. 1972. Biological stud
Page 293 and 294:
Armyworm, Spodoptera litura Armywo
Page 295 and 296:
Adoption and perceptionTable 5 show
Page 297 and 298:
Control of brassica pests -an examp
Page 299 and 300:
Table 2. A Comparison of IPM and Pe
Page 301 and 302:
Occurrence and control ofPlutella x
Page 303 and 304:
Apopul at i on dynami c ( l ar va/
Page 305 and 306:
Diadegma semiclausumD. semiclausum,
Page 307 and 308:
Diamondback moth(Plutella xylostell
Page 309:
SESSION 7Genomic and other novel ap
Page 312 and 313:
management (IPM) systems (Shelton e
Page 314 and 315:
Kalra VK, Sharma SS, Chauhan R, Bha
Page 316 and 317:
Table 2. Segregation analysis based
Page 318 and 319:
current paper provides detail on th
Page 320 and 321:
Proteins do not act antagonisticall
Page 322 and 323:
CONCLUSIONThe transformation events
Page 324 and 325:
Enhancement of the sterileinsect te
Page 326 and 327:
optimisation of transformation prot
Page 328 and 329:
Workshop PresidentsDr. Jacqueline d
Page 330 and 331:
Participant e‐mail Organization C
Page 332 and 333:
Author IndexAbuzid, I..............
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