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Microsoft SharePoint. Building Office 2007 Solutions in VB 2005 ...

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CHAPTER 8 ■ SHAREPOINT BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOLUTIONS 307Once the data is cleaned, it is then moved from the stag<strong>in</strong>g area <strong>in</strong>to the data warehouse.The value of the data warehouse rests <strong>in</strong> its table structure. Instead of a relational structure,data warehouses utilize a fact table. A fact table can be thought of as a view that jo<strong>in</strong>s manyrelational tables together to focus on a certa<strong>in</strong> area. For example, if we want to run reportsabout the sales opportunities shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 8-7, we might create a fact table of opportunitiesthat jo<strong>in</strong>s together the four tables <strong>in</strong> a s<strong>in</strong>gle view. This fact table would conta<strong>in</strong> the valueof every sales opportunity as a row, along with the primary keys for the other tables of <strong>in</strong>terest.The primary keys conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> a fact table are said to be the dimensions of the table,while the values conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the fact table are called measures. Dimensions are used to createviews of the measures <strong>in</strong> your reports. The fact table I describe, for example, would allowus to create a report that shows sales opportunity dollar values by employee. This report is aclassic pipel<strong>in</strong>e report used by all sales organizations.In a data warehouse, the dimensions <strong>in</strong> the fact table are jo<strong>in</strong>ed to tables that conta<strong>in</strong> theactual values for the dimensions. This database structure results <strong>in</strong> a centralized fact tablejo<strong>in</strong>ed with many dimension tables. The result<strong>in</strong>g structure is called a star schema because thedatabase diagram resembles a star. Figure 8-8 shows a star schema.Figure 8-8. A star schemaUnderstand<strong>in</strong>g CubesA data warehouse is an excellent structure for use with enterprise report<strong>in</strong>g tools such as SQLReport<strong>in</strong>g Services; however, report<strong>in</strong>g represents only one part of an organization’s bus<strong>in</strong>ess<strong>in</strong>telligence needs. Along with classic report<strong>in</strong>g, organizations need a way for <strong>in</strong>formationworkers and senior management to analyze performance data. Analysis <strong>in</strong>volves more thanjust static report<strong>in</strong>g, because it allows people to answer questions by dynamically manipulat<strong>in</strong>gperformance data.

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