56 A STUDY OF NAVAJO SYMBOLISMact as one <strong>of</strong> classic horror, and body contactand talk about sex in the presence <strong>of</strong> a forbiddensex partner is tabooed. Only a personwith the power <strong>of</strong> a witch could send ashadow among people. It is also believed thatonly a witch would visit deserted or burnedhogans.There are several possible explanations forthe occurrence <strong>of</strong> the "origin legend," one <strong>of</strong>which may be that this is a tale <strong>of</strong> some antiquity.Information concerning witchcraft is<strong>of</strong>ten difficult to gain. In spite <strong>of</strong> the thousands<strong>of</strong> articles and books on the Navaho,unknown material is still frequently broughtto light. It is then possible that this is esotericknowledge because <strong>of</strong> its association withwitchcraft and incest and thus known to few.The associations between the explanations, activitiesand objects in the myth itself and thevarious symbols represented in the ceremonialare too close to be accidental. That the ceremonyexisted in all the details elaborated here,and that later this myth was conveniently attachedto give it prestige, is possible but notprobable.It is possible that a ceremony did existwhich had a number <strong>of</strong> similarities to an existingfolk tale. The informant, versatile ashe is, might have attached the myth and elaboratedthe missing details into the ceremony.Or an extreme possibility is that to an existingmyth was attached a whole complete ceremonyoriginated and invented by the informant.Haile 16 states that a man tried to popularizea ceremony he gained while dreaming ina cave. He died shortly after this and hissudden demise settled his claim <strong>of</strong> communionwith the gods. While the informant is anexceptional individual, it is more probablethat he elaborated on a ceremony already inexistence, rather than originating a new one,if choice need be made between these.OWL-RAISED-UTECoyote had a daughter and liked her verymuch, but not as he should have liked adaughter. One day he decided to marry herso he told his wife and daughter that whenhe died, a man would come to marry hisdaughter. This stranger would look just likeCoyote. When Coyote finished telling thisto his family, he began acting as if he werevery sick and soon got sicker and sicker. Atlast, he didn't eat anything and was about todie. He told them this, "Gather together somewood and put me on top <strong>of</strong> it. Then start afire from the four directions and go <strong>of</strong>f andleave me, but do not look back!"After Coyote said this, his wife and daughterbegan to gather wood. As Coyote had requested,they placed him on the wood andstarted the fire from the four sides. This ishow the Paiute, Utes and Walapai learned toburn their dead. It is not the same with us,for we just burn the hogan instead <strong>of</strong> the dead.We were not given this to do and were toldnot to do such things. One <strong>of</strong> Coyote's sonswas the dirtiest and the worst one <strong>of</strong> his sons,for he never washed or kept himself clean.As the family left Coyote, this son lookedback. He said to his mother and sister, "Myfather has jumped <strong>of</strong>f that pile <strong>of</strong> wood."The wife and daughter said, "Don't ever saythat about your father. You aren't supposedto say that." After Coyote jumped <strong>of</strong>f thewood, he ran around to where his family wasstaying. As he came up to them, he said,"Where is my nephew? Did he die? Whatdid he say about me when he died?" He keptasking questions until Coyote's wife said, "Iwas told that if I was to get a son-in-law hewould be just like Coyote."Coyote said, "I will take care <strong>of</strong> you peoplefrom now on. I am going to be your ownson-in-law." Then Coyote married his owndaughter. A little while later Coyote wentout and got soapweed to make some soap suds.Coyote had a form like we have. All <strong>of</strong> thishappened before the people turned into animals.Coyote, who was supposed to haveburned on the fire, had a wart on the back <strong>of</strong>his neck. As Coyote had his hair washed hisdaughter saw the wart on his neck. Later shetold her mother, "This man seems like my16 Haile, 1940, p. 359.
AN ORIGIN LEGEND FOR CURING SORCERY: FISHLER 57father." The mother replied, "That is notthe only person like that. Many people havewarts." But she went and looked at Coyoteand finally recognized him.Shortly after this, Coyote's new wife had ababy and she threw him into a badger hole.Coyote went back to the badger hole so hecould eat the baby, for he knew whose childit was. In the hole lived an old male and afemale owl who had no children. When Coyotearrived, the female owl told Coyote hecould not eat the baby. The old man askedif he and his wife could raise the child andCoyote agreed. The old owls raised the babyuntil he was a man about twenty years old.From the time Coyote's son was a baby heslept with the grandmother owl and the oldman became jealous, for he never had a chanceto sleep with his wife.One day the wind whispered in the boy'sear and said: "If you stay here the owl willkill you. You have a home and a mother andbrothers and sisters. You have to go home."The boy then started <strong>of</strong>f to find his home, asthe wind had directed him. When he got towhere he was born he found the ruin <strong>of</strong> anold hogan. As he approached the ruin he sawa black poker (see plate I, C, 6) which hadbeen thrown away by the people who hadlived there before. As he got closer to thepoker, he winked his eye and the poker turnedinto a person. The poker turned into an oldman. The poker said, "My grandson, I was tohave killed you, but I will not kill vou. Thereis another old hogan out there. That is wherevou are going."The boy continued on until he came uponanother old hogan. Here he found some ashand as he winked his eye the ash turned intoa person — an old woman. She said, "Mygrandson, I was to have killed you, but I willnot. There is a hogan out there. That iswhere you are going." The boy continued onuntil he reached still another hogan. Insidethis hogan, was a torch thrown away by theformer inhabitants. As Coyote's son winkedhis eye, the torch turned into a boy and allhappened as before. These people did not killthe boy for he had power; besides he had donenothing and they did not want to kill him.Each time he traveled on, he met somethingdifferent which had been thrown away fromeach <strong>of</strong> the hogans. The ceremonial potturned into an old woman. The stirring stickturned into a girl. The bowl turned into amiddle-aged woman. The dipper turned intoa young girl. The metate turned into a very,very old woman. The mano turned into avery young girl (8-10). The old worn outbrush turned into an old woman. The BroadYucca turned into a man <strong>of</strong> 35; the regularYucca turned into a woman <strong>of</strong> about 35; theYeibichai Yucca turned into a boy <strong>of</strong> 20 andthe Horn Yucca into a girl <strong>of</strong> about 17.As Coyote's son traveled along from onehogan to another, the first hogans were veryold, but now they were getting newer andnewer. The Yucca People were not found inthe hogans, but the bov met them as he traveledalong. The Wide or Broad Yucca saidto him, "I was to have killed you, but I willnot. There are people ahead <strong>of</strong> you. That iswhere you are going." Each <strong>of</strong> the Yucca toldhim this.When he met the Bear, the Bear told himthe same as the Yuccas. Then he met BigSnake, the Thunder and the Wind. After theboy met the Wind, the Little Holy Windwho was taking care <strong>of</strong> him said and whisperedin his ear: "Your grandfather Owl tookhair, spit, dirt from vour arms, body and legs,your feces and urine, your footprint and yourshadow — he used them for witchcraft. Thatis why all those things happened to you. Youmust be careful <strong>of</strong> yourself and watch forwitchcraft. Build a small hogan just like asweat bath. Don't make room for the owl orhe will kill you. Just make enough room foryourself. Build a fire in front <strong>of</strong> the hoganfor the rocks."The boy did as he was told and built ahogan. He got inside <strong>of</strong> the sweat hogan towardthe back at sundown and soon he heardthe two owls coming toward him. Each owlgave four hoots when they got to the littlehogan. Then the grandfather owl said "Wheredo you think you are going, my grandson?Let us go back home." The boy refused toq-o with the two owls.The wind whispered to the boy and theboy took out five stones (white shell, turquoise,oyster shell, jet and red rock) as agift to the owls. When they received the qift,the owls said no more and left. They had
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UNIVERSITYOF FLORIDALIBRARIES
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PAPERS OF THE PEABODY MUSEUMVOLUME
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PAPERSOF THEPEABODY MUSEUM OF ARCHA
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PART I: NAVAJO SYMBOLS IN SANDPAINT
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CONTENTSPLATE III. Antlered altar f
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PART I:NAVAJO SYMBOLS IN SAND PAINT
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TOTHE NAVAJO SAND PAINTINGBECOME ac
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REFERENCES
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PRONUNCIATION la as in ah ay as in
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VOLUME XXIII complete, $9.25; bound
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MEMOIRS OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM{Quart
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VOLUME V, $9.00.Excavations at Kerm
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(Continued from inside back cover)P