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232 LENNART GRANMARKwoodland lakes in Lule lappmark. The samplingwas made on July 28, 1963, with a fine mesh(25 p,) plankton net.CYANOPHYTARhabdoderma lineareDactylococcopsis ellipsoideusA phanocapsa elachisa v.confertaOoelosphaerium naegelianumOhroococcus minutusOh1·. limneticusGomphosphaeria aponinaOscillatoria Bornetii0. limneticaAnabaena flos-aquaeA. planctonicaN ostoc K ihlmaniiCHLOROPHYTAPandorina morumEudorina elegansGloeocystis planctonicaGloeococcus SchroeteriPediastrum boryanumP. gracillimumOocystis lacustris0. submarina v. variabilisTetraedron limneticumBotryococcus BrauniiN ephrocytium lunatumDictyosphaerium pulchellumOrucigenia rectangularisK irchneriella obesaQuadrigula PfitzeriiPHYTOPLANKTONOoelastrum microporumGeminella minorBinuclearia tatranaGonatozygon K inahaniOlosterium K uetzingiiEuastrum oblongumE. verrucosum v. alatumM icrasterias americanaOosmarium depressum0. depressum v. achondrum0. contractu m v. ellipsoideumOosmarium moniliformea. margaritiferum0. botrytis0. undulatum v. minutumXanthidium antilopaeumX. antilopaeum v. dimazumX. antilopaeum v. polymazumX. cristatum v. uncinatumStaurodesmus dejectusStd. cuspidatusStd. sellatusStd. glabrus f. limnophilusStd. J oshuaeStd. indentatus f. brevispinusStd. jaculiferus f. janus(2 + 3)Staurastrum brevispinumSt. lunatum v. planctonicumSt. brebissoniiSt. cingulum v. obesumSt. pingueSt. pingue v. tridentataSt. ManfeldtiiSt. petsamoense v. minusSt. teliferumSt. arctisconSt. ophiuraSpondylosium planumH yalotheca dissiliensDesmidium SwartziiCHRYSOPHYTAM allomonas elongataU roglena volvoxDinobryon cylindricumD. cylindricum v. alpinumD. cylindricum v. palustreD. bavaricumROTATORIAOonochilus unicornisKellicottia longispinaKeratella c. cochlearisK. hiemalisP olyarthra vulgarisZOO PLANKTONStichogloea DoederleiniiM elosira italica v. validaM. italica ssp. subarcticaOyclotella bodanica v. lemanensisTabellaria flocculosa v.flocculosaT. flocculosa v. asterionelloidesT. TeilingiiEunotia pectinalis v. ventralisDiatoma elongatumAsterionella formosaSynedra ulnaPYRROPHYTAOryptomonas obovataGymnodinium pusillumPeridinium W illeiN otholca limneticaSynchaeta stylataCRUSTACEABosmina c. obtusirostrisDiaptomus graciloidesThe dominant zooplankters are K ellicottia longispinaand Bosmina coregoni obtusirostris. Amongthe phytoplankton species Orucigenia rectangularis,Stichogloea Doederleinii, Tabellaria Teilingii andAsterionella formosa are most frequent in thesamples. This lake has a plankton of "Caledonian"type characterizing the majority of lakes situatedabove the highest coastal line. In contrast the lakeslocated below this line are as a rule characterizedby the "Baltic" type of plankton, see TElLING(1916).Acta·Phytogeogr. S1tec. 50
Lost and Living Lakes In the Upper Ume ValleyBy GUNNAR WASSENA traveller on his way from the Bothnian coastto the mountains of Lappland, althqugh roadboundto-day, has still to take his route along oneof the many waterways used since the Neolithicage by primitive hunters and fishermen, reindeernomads, settlers, priests, early botanists, touristsand log-floaters. These parallel and little-branchingwatercourses cut the forested land, the Swedishcounterpart of the Taiga, into large strips elongatedin the NW -SE direction. We select the U meriver (cf. RunBERG & BYLUND 1959) for our journeythat then will follow "the Blue Road" of touristicparlance, nowadays stretching along a series oflongish reservoirs, each of which obeys the WaterFlow Control Board's officers in its reversed annualrhythm of water-level fluctuation, and has at itsdownstream end a more or less imposing dam andusually a hydroelectric power plant.Had we selected the parallel left-hand tributary,the almost equivalent Vindel river, we would havetravelled along a still-but not for long we fear-free-living river. It has an almost incredibly largebut quite natural fluctuation in flow and level.The peak flow at the end of the thaw period usuallyin early June may be over a hundred times as largeas the minimum flow in late winter. The amplitudein level in natural rivers is accordingly often of themagnitude of four or five metres and locally more.The present author has had the opportunity tostudy the upper course of the Ume river before andduring its succumbing to the hydroelectric enterprise,a yet not fully completed process. The studyhas been concentrated to the shore vegetation ofthe large lakes.The river valleys are of Pre-glacial origin butdeepened through the work of the inland ice. Theyare crossed at intervals by resistant thresholdsof bedrock or natural dams consisting of deposits ofglacial drift, and thus most of the extremely elongatedlakes or lake chains of Lappland were formed(HOGBOM 1906). Situated between the water divideand the last remnants of the inland ice, they arein fact only bottom furrows left from the enormous,short-lived but sediment-rich ice-dammed lakes ofthe melting period. It is these sediments that onceattracted agriculture to some of the remote mountainvalleys, settlements that to-day are againabandoned to a regrettable extent, only partly dueto the inundation of fertile land brought about inlocal areas by the reservoir development. In theUme river valley this is the case on what is now thebottom of Lake Gardiken, to be described below.But on our way upstream we have to pass otherreservoir lakes, including the large Lake Storuman,about sixty km in length. The geological boundaryknown as the Caledonian border (discussed in"Lappland east of the mountains") is crossed here,and further upstream we are within the schistdominatedarea of the Scandes.LAKE GARDIKEN.-Originally a chain of sixseparate lakes, the present Gardiken Reservoir is aresult of their coalescence. The woods around LakeGardiken, at 377 m before it was raised 18 m by thedamming, are typical of the pre-alpine subregionof the conifer forest region. Du RIETZ (1942b)characterized these woods as having "an upwardincreasing under-storey of birch (Betula pubescenssens. lat.) below an over-sto.rey of pine (Pin ussilvestris) . or spruce (Picea abies), the trees of whichgrow with decreasing density at higher altitudes.On further ascent, this mountain conifer forestActa Phytogeogr. Suec. 50
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ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICAEDIDIT
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Printed with support fromH. M. King
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TABLE OF CONTENTSREGIONAL SURVEYFea
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REGIONAL SURVEYFeatures of Land and
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Features of land and climate 3Fig.
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Features of land and climate 5bould
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8 HUGO SJORSFig. 9. The length of d
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10 HUGO SJORSYearly precipitation i
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12 HUGO SJORSrainfall, and in winte
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Fig. 2. On the lee side of an expos
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16 MATS WJERNmetres below the surfa
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18 MATS WlERNmon in shallow water,
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20 MATS W.LERNthe West Coast is cau
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22 MATS WlERNalways sterile). Ceram
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24 MATS WlERNparticular species of
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26 MATS WlERNRich in species. Scatt
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The Vegetation of Swedish LakesBy G
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30 GUNNAR LOHAMMARby compact underw
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32 GUNNAR LOHAMMARmake up only a sm
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34 GUNN AR LOHAMMARoccur patches of
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36 GUNNAR LOHAMMARFig . 7. Exposed
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38 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. ll. South s
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40 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. 15. Vastann
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42 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. 19. Lake Ta
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44:GUNNAR LOHAMMARLappmark it goes
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46 GUNNAR LOHAMMARice cover. From l
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Forest RegionsBy HUGO SJO RSA count
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50HUGO SJORSFig. 2. Biotic zonation
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52 HUGO SJORSFig. 4. Beech forest w
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54 HUGO SJORSFig. 6. Coastal oakwoo
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56HUGO SJORS·the growth of deciduo
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58HUGO SJORSFig. 8 . . vernal hazel
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60 HUGO SJORSthrough basal shoots o
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62 HUGO SJORSdebted to their collea
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The Mountain Regions of IJapplandBy
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66 OLOF RUNEplants into low-alpine,
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68 OLOF RUNEFig. 2. Aconitum septen
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70OLOF RUNEoccurrences of even more
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72 OLOF RUNEin flushed sites, e.g.
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74 OLOF RUNEthe low -alpine vegetat
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76 OLOF RUNETABLE 1. Upper limits (
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Alpine zonation in the southern par
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ASPE CTS OF THE SOUTHVertical Zonat
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Vertical zonation of littoral algae
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Coastal algae oft Goteborg 93., ,.
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..Coastal algae off Goteborg 95effe
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Salt Marsh '' egetation In Southern
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Salt marsh vegetation in southern S
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Maritime SandsBy BENGT PETTERSSONAl
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Maritime sands 107Fig. l. Recently
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Maritime sands 109Fig. 3. The same
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Vegetation of Coastal BohusHinBy H.
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Vegetation of coastal Bohuslan 113F
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Vegetation of coastal Bohusliin 115
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also on a substratum lacking shells
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The South-Western Dwarf Shrub Heath
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The south-western dwarf shrub heath
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The south-western dwarf shrub heath
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to the Myrica- Cyperaceae fen in AL
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Gotland and OlandTwo Limestone Isla
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Gotland and Oland. Two limestone is
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Woods on the Isle of JungfrunBy IVA
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Woods on the Isle of Jungfrun 143br
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EINAR Du RIETZ took an active part
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The growth on rock 147Fig. 4. Antit
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The Southern MiresBy NILS MALMERInt
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The southern mires 151Fig. 2. Woode
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The southern mires 153Fig. 4. Poor
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The southern mires 155In addition,
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the water below the surface is poor
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Micro-Vegetation of a MireBy TOM FL
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Stipa pennata and its Companions In
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Stipa pennata and its companions in
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Stipa pennata and its companions in
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ASPECTS OF THE NORTHThe BorderlandB
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The Borderland169'Fig. 2. The same
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The marked closeness of the iso-lin
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The Borderland 173level, much of th
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The Borderland 175Fig. 4. The Nitte
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Glimpses of the Bothnian coast 177d
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Glimpses of the Bothnian coast . 17
Page 193 and 194: Regional ecology of mire sites and
Page 201 and 202: Algfloarna, a mixed mire complex in
Page 203 and 204: Algjloarna, a mixed mire complex in
Page 205 and 206: Calcareous fens in J iimtland193CAL
Page 207 and 208: Calcareous fens in Jamtland 195Fig.
Page 209 and 210: Calcareous fens in J iimtland 197FE
Page 211 and 212: The major rivers of Northern Sweden
Page 217 and 218: The North-East CornerBy ERIK JULIN
Page 219 and 220: Terrestrial vegetation and flora 20
Page 221 and 222: Notes on aquatic vegetation 209SPON
Page 223 and 224: Notes on aquatic vegetation 211Fig.
Page 225 and 226: Notes on aquatic vegetation 213Fig.
Page 227 and 228: Lappland East of the MountainsBy JI
Page 229 and 230: South-facing hills and mountains 21
Page 231 and 232: Vegetation and flora of alpine outl
Page 233 and 234: Regional aspects on the flora 221Fi
Page 235 and 236: Regional aspects on the flora 223Fi
Page 237 and 238: Regional a.spects on the flora 225O
Page 239 and 240: Cultural influence on the flora 227
Page 241 and 242: Notes on the vegetation of lakes in
Page 243: Notes on the vegetation of lakes in
Page 247 and 248: Lost and living lakes in the upper
Page 249 and 250: P:....,.>::."tl;:3"..,.cc-'!lJ'.J-,
Page 251 and 252: Lost and living lakes in the upper
Page 253 and 254: Subalpine tall herb vegetation, sit
Page 261 and 262: Mountain MiresBy AKE PERSSON1 ntrod
Page 263 and 264: Mountain mires 251Fig. I. Part of a
Page 265 and 266: Mountain mires 253Fig. 3. Carex jun
Page 267 and 268: Mountain mires 255Spring vegetation
Page 269 and 270: Plant Cover of the Alpine RegionsBy
Page 271 and 272: low-alpine belt most of the other s
Page 273 and 274: Ohionophobous plant communities 261
Page 275 and 276: Ohionophilous plant communities . 2
Page 277 and 278: Ohionophilous plant communities 265
Page 279 and 280: The high-alpine region 267as a pred
Page 281 and 282: PAST AND PRES ENTThe Late-Quaternar
Page 283 and 284: The Late-Quaternary vegetation of S
Page 293 and 294: Reindeer Grazing ProblemsBy ELIEL S
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Reindeer grazing problems 283Fig. 2
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Botanical Indications of Air Pollut
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Botanical indications of air pollut
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Recent changes in flora and vegetat
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BibliographyBy AK E SJODINThe year
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Bibliography 297Torfmooren. Diss. -
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Bibliography 2991934, Jungfrun. - S
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Bibliography 301(Das Gebiet des Ben
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Bibliography 303Humiditat des Klima
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Bibliography 305- 1960, Bidrag till
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Bibliogmphy 307land. ("Uber die Gef
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Bibliography 3091958, Dynamik och k
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Bibliography 311- 1926, Stockholms
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Bibliography 313- Verh. Int. Verein
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SVENSI
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Pris 72 kronor Printed in Sweden 19
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