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294 BENGT PETTERSSONpaid attention to the history of the species introducedduring the 19th century.Many species have been dispersed to new partsof Sweden by means of traffic. This has mainlywidened the distribution areas of those specieswhich have not been able to become an integralpart of the vegetation at some distance from thetraffic lines.ALMQUIST (1957) has investigated the "railwayflora" and has found that several species may belooked upon as true "railway plants", e.g. Lepidiumdensiflorum (a native of North America) which ison the whole restricted to the railway embankmentsand apparently dispersed by the rail conveyancesand favoured by the habitats arisen alongthe lines. ALMQUIST also emphasized that severalnative species have been favoured by the constructionof railway embankments, e.g., Tussilago farfara,Fragaria vesca and Equisetum arvense.The vegetation of roadsides has completelychanged since the times when domestic animalswere grazing along the roads. The element of tallherbs in this vegetation has increased considerably.These species are partly native plants of meadowland,partly neophytes, e.g. Petasites hybridus (cf.lLIEN 1945, p. 2oor Still unexplored is the roleplayed by motor tyres in spreading the presentflora of roadsides.The many local flora lists published mainlyduring the past century supply a good deal ofdetailed information about the changes, if theirdata are compared with the present conditions (cf.ALMQUIST l949 a, pp. 63-64), but our chance tofollow the spread or decrease of both natives andaliens in the Swedish flora is not so great nowadaysas formerly when rich collections were made byamateurs and above all by pupils at higher schoolswho earlier were expected to collect a certainnumber of species for their herbaria. Under nowprevailing conditions there are in fact but smallopportunities to get detailed knowledge of thepresent rapid changes in the flora.As has been emphasized above the Swedishvegetation of the past is insufficiently known. Itseems, however, to be a paradox involved in thestatement that the same might be said about thepresent vegetation and the trends of its development.Many careful investigations have beencarried out especially in restricted areas, the vegetationof which is more or less unaffected by humanactivities, but more seldom in areas where thevegetation is on the move, in consequence of presentor earlier human influence.In Sweden, as well as in many other countries,profound changes are proceeding as a result ofaltered land use. The problems connected with thisinstability are often met with for the time beingwhen efforts are made to plan the land in accordancewith the demands of modern society.Both the aesthetic and the useful qualities ofpastoral landscapes are at present greatly appreciatedin Sweden. By experience we know, however,that considerable difficulties will arise in maintainingor, when desirable, restoring the ancientpastoral vegetation.Acta Phytogeog1·. Sttec. 50
BibliographyBy AK E SJODINThe year of publication is that of the paper or issue, if different from that of the volume (e.g. of a yearbook).When summaries in non-Scandinavian languages occur, their titles have been given.AbbreviationsAPhSENFSHGAGFFKVAActa Phytogeographica SuecicaBotaniska N otiserKungl. Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, N.F.Geografiska AnnalerGeologiska Foreningens i Stockholm ForhandlingarKungl. Svenska Vetenskaps-AkademienKVAA Kungl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Avhandlingari naturskyddsarendenKVAH Kungl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens HandlingarKV AS Kungl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Skrifter ina turskyddsarendenLUAMSSSETSGUSLASNSSTSTFSVHLunds Universitets Arsskrift, N.F.Meddelanden fran Statens Skogsforsoksanstalt/SkogsforskningsinstitutSvensk Botanisk TidskriftSveriges Geologiska UndersokningSvenska Linne-Sallskapets ArsskriftSveriges Natur (arsbok)(Svenska) Skogsvardsforeningens TidskriftSvenska TuristforeningenSvenska Vaxtsociologiska Sallskapets HandlingarAARIO, L., 1932, Pflanzentopographische und palaogeographischeMooruntersuchungen in N -Satakunta. -Fennia 55: 1; Comm. Inst. Forest. Fenn. 17: 1. Helsingfors.AcKENHEIL, H. V., 1944, Zur Hauptgliederung der siidschwedischenMoorvegetation. - Meddel. fr. Telmatolog.stat. Agard 2. Oslo.AGER, B. H :SON, 1964, Studier over k1imatet i Norrland,Dalarna och Varmland. (Studies of the climate in Northand Central Sweden.) - Studia Forest. Suec. 19.Stockholm.AHLNER, S., 1948, Utbredningstyper bland nordiska barrtradslavar. (V er breitungstypen un ter fennoskandischenNadelbaumflechten.) Diss. - APhS 22. Uppsala.1950, Drag i Gastriklands flora. - Natur i Gastrikland.Goteborg.AHTI, T., 1961, The open boreal woodland subzone andits relation to reindeer husbandry. - Arch. Soc. Vanamo16 suppl. Helsinki.ALBERTSON, N., 1940 a, Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Lindb.i Fennoscandia. - SET 34. Uppsala.1940b, Scorpidium turgescens (Th. Jens.) Moenkem.En senglacial relikt i nordisk alvarvegetation. (Scorpidiumturgescens (Th. Jens.) Moenkem. Ein spatglazialesRelikt der nordischen Alvarvegetation.) - APhS 13.Uppsala.1941 a, Bidrag till Falbygdens moss- och lavflora. -SET 35. Uppsala.1941 b, Varholmen i Dala. En av Falbygdens Stipapennata-forekomster. - Bygd och Natur 3. Stockholm.1942 a, Vaxtgeografiska bidrag fran ostra Falbygden. EN 1942. Lund.1942 b, Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link i sodra ochmellersta Sverige. -SET 36. Uppsala.1945, Wahlenbergs fard genom Vastergotland 1821.En klassisk vaxtlokal "emellan Kalfvene och Nas". -EN 1945. Lund.1946a, Osterplana hed. Ett alvaromrade pa Kinnekulle.(Osterplana hed. Ein Alvargebiet auf dem Kinnekulle.)Diss. - APhS 20. Uppsala.1946 b, Saxifraga Hirculus L. vid Lovberga pa Falbygden.(Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung.) - EN 1946.Lund.·1949, Calliergon sarmentosum och Meesia triquetra isodra Sverige. Nagra ord om Mellomsjomyren i Dal.(Calliergon sarmentosum und Meesia triquetra im slidlichenTeil Schwedens. Einige Worte iiber das Moor"Mellomsjomyren" im Kirchspiel Dala, Vastergotland.)- SET 43. Uppsala.1950, Das grosse siidliche Alvar der Insel Oland. Einepflanzensoziologische Ubersicht. - SET 44. Uppsala.1951 a, Vastergotlands vaxtvarld. - Natur i Vastergotland.Goteborg.l951 b, Orkidekarr och alvar vid Plantaberget. - Naturi Vastergotland. Goteborg.ALBERTSON, N (t). & LARSSON, B. M. P., 1960, Bidragtill kannedom om Saxifraga hirculus-myren Sjoangensvaxtsamhallen. (Some notes on the plant communitiesin the Saxifraga hirculus-mire Sjoangen, Vastergotland,southern Sweden.) - EN 1960. Lund.ALETSEE, L., 1957. See: OvERBECK, F. & MuNNICH, K. 0.& ALETSEE, L. & AVERDIECK, F. R.ALMBORN, 0., 1948, Distribution and ecology of some SouthScandinavian lichens. Diss. - EN Suppl. I: 2. Lund.Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 50
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ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICAEDIDIT
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Printed with support fromH. M. King
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TABLE OF CONTENTSREGIONAL SURVEYFea
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REGIONAL SURVEYFeatures of Land and
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Features of land and climate 3Fig.
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Features of land and climate 5bould
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8 HUGO SJORSFig. 9. The length of d
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10 HUGO SJORSYearly precipitation i
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12 HUGO SJORSrainfall, and in winte
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Fig. 2. On the lee side of an expos
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16 MATS WJERNmetres below the surfa
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18 MATS WlERNmon in shallow water,
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20 MATS W.LERNthe West Coast is cau
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22 MATS WlERNalways sterile). Ceram
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24 MATS WlERNparticular species of
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26 MATS WlERNRich in species. Scatt
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The Vegetation of Swedish LakesBy G
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30 GUNNAR LOHAMMARby compact underw
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32 GUNNAR LOHAMMARmake up only a sm
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34 GUNN AR LOHAMMARoccur patches of
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36 GUNNAR LOHAMMARFig . 7. Exposed
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38 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. ll. South s
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40 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. 15. Vastann
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42 GUNN AR LOHAMMARFig. 19. Lake Ta
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44:GUNNAR LOHAMMARLappmark it goes
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46 GUNNAR LOHAMMARice cover. From l
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Forest RegionsBy HUGO SJO RSA count
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50HUGO SJORSFig. 2. Biotic zonation
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52 HUGO SJORSFig. 4. Beech forest w
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54 HUGO SJORSFig. 6. Coastal oakwoo
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56HUGO SJORS·the growth of deciduo
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58HUGO SJORSFig. 8 . . vernal hazel
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60 HUGO SJORSthrough basal shoots o
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62 HUGO SJORSdebted to their collea
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The Mountain Regions of IJapplandBy
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66 OLOF RUNEplants into low-alpine,
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68 OLOF RUNEFig. 2. Aconitum septen
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70OLOF RUNEoccurrences of even more
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72 OLOF RUNEin flushed sites, e.g.
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74 OLOF RUNEthe low -alpine vegetat
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76 OLOF RUNETABLE 1. Upper limits (
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Alpine zonation in the southern par
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ASPE CTS OF THE SOUTHVertical Zonat
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Vertical zonation of littoral algae
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Coastal algae oft Goteborg 93., ,.
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..Coastal algae off Goteborg 95effe
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Salt Marsh '' egetation In Southern
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Salt marsh vegetation in southern S
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Maritime SandsBy BENGT PETTERSSONAl
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Maritime sands 107Fig. l. Recently
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Maritime sands 109Fig. 3. The same
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Vegetation of Coastal BohusHinBy H.
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Vegetation of coastal Bohuslan 113F
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Vegetation of coastal Bohusliin 115
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also on a substratum lacking shells
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The South-Western Dwarf Shrub Heath
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The south-western dwarf shrub heath
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The south-western dwarf shrub heath
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to the Myrica- Cyperaceae fen in AL
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Gotland and OlandTwo Limestone Isla
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Gotland and Oland. Two limestone is
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Woods on the Isle of JungfrunBy IVA
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Woods on the Isle of Jungfrun 143br
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EINAR Du RIETZ took an active part
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The growth on rock 147Fig. 4. Antit
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The Southern MiresBy NILS MALMERInt
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The southern mires 151Fig. 2. Woode
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The southern mires 153Fig. 4. Poor
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The southern mires 155In addition,
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the water below the surface is poor
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Micro-Vegetation of a MireBy TOM FL
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Stipa pennata and its Companions In
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Stipa pennata and its companions in
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Stipa pennata and its companions in
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ASPECTS OF THE NORTHThe BorderlandB
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The Borderland169'Fig. 2. The same
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The marked closeness of the iso-lin
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The Borderland 173level, much of th
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The Borderland 175Fig. 4. The Nitte
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Glimpses of the Bothnian coast 177d
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Glimpses of the Bothnian coast . 17
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Regional ecology of mire sites and
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Algfloarna, a mixed mire complex in
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Algjloarna, a mixed mire complex in
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Calcareous fens in J iimtland193CAL
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Calcareous fens in Jamtland 195Fig.
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Calcareous fens in J iimtland 197FE
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The major rivers of Northern Sweden
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The North-East CornerBy ERIK JULIN
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Terrestrial vegetation and flora 20
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Notes on aquatic vegetation 209SPON
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Notes on aquatic vegetation 211Fig.
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Notes on aquatic vegetation 213Fig.
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Lappland East of the MountainsBy JI
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South-facing hills and mountains 21
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Vegetation and flora of alpine outl
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Regional aspects on the flora 221Fi
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Regional aspects on the flora 223Fi
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Regional a.spects on the flora 225O
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Cultural influence on the flora 227
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Notes on the vegetation of lakes in
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Notes on the vegetation of lakes in
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Lost and Living Lakes In the Upper
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Lost and living lakes in the upper
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P:....,.>::."tl;:3"..,.cc-'!lJ'.J-,
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Lost and living lakes in the upper
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Subalpine tall herb vegetation, sit
Page 255 and 256: Subalpine tall herb vegetation, sit
Page 261 and 262: Mountain MiresBy AKE PERSSON1 ntrod
Page 263 and 264: Mountain mires 251Fig. I. Part of a
Page 265 and 266: Mountain mires 253Fig. 3. Carex jun
Page 267 and 268: Mountain mires 255Spring vegetation
Page 269 and 270: Plant Cover of the Alpine RegionsBy
Page 271 and 272: low-alpine belt most of the other s
Page 273 and 274: Ohionophobous plant communities 261
Page 275 and 276: Ohionophilous plant communities . 2
Page 277 and 278: Ohionophilous plant communities 265
Page 279 and 280: The high-alpine region 267as a pred
Page 281 and 282: PAST AND PRES ENTThe Late-Quaternar
Page 283 and 284: The Late-Quaternary vegetation of S
Page 293 and 294: Reindeer Grazing ProblemsBy ELIEL S
Page 295 and 296: Reindeer grazing problems 283Fig. 2
Page 297 and 298: Botanical Indications of Air Pollut
Page 299 and 300: Botanical indications of air pollut
Page 301 and 302: Recent changes in flora and vegetat
Page 303 and 304: Recent changes in flora and vegetat
Page 305: Recent changes in flora and vegetat
Page 309 and 310: Bibliography 297Torfmooren. Diss. -
Page 311 and 312: Bibliography 2991934, Jungfrun. - S
Page 313 and 314: Bibliography 301(Das Gebiet des Ben
Page 315 and 316: Bibliography 303Humiditat des Klima
Page 317 and 318: Bibliography 305- 1960, Bidrag till
Page 319 and 320: Bibliogmphy 307land. ("Uber die Gef
Page 321 and 322: Bibliography 3091958, Dynamik och k
Page 323 and 324: Bibliography 311- 1926, Stockholms
Page 325 and 326: Bibliography 313- Verh. Int. Verein
Page 327 and 328: SVENSI
Page 332: Pris 72 kronor Printed in Sweden 19
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