Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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Across patch arrangementLandscape complexityGrazingFluxGrazingWithin-patch processesDisturbanceNo GrazingGrazing anddisturbancerequirementsunknownVeteran/DeadwoodFigure 21. Matrix of the classification of dry terrestrial guilds. The numbers given are the total number ofspecies, number of RDB species, number of BAP, number of Breckland specialists (including coastalspecialists)PROCESSESECOLOGICAL SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT(From open habitats into woodland / forest with glades)OPEN dry terrestrial habitats Open with Scrub Succession Open-Woodland WoodlandVARIETYVARIETY93, 16, 12, 2VETERAN/O-WVETERAN3, 0, 1, 0 48, 16, 3, 0DEAD/O-WDEAD27, 8, 0, 0 95, 18, 3, 2O-S O-W WOOD23, 8, 5, 1 85, 18, 28, 1 156, 43, 15, 4OPEN/InfDIST-LGRAZ O-S/InfDIST-LGRAZ O-W/NGRAZ53, 20, 13, 11 8, 1, 0, 1 3, 2, 2, 0OPEN/DIST-NGRAZO-S/DIST-NGRAZ135, 66, 34, 29 9, 2, 3, 0OPEN/DIST-?GRAZO-W/DIST76, 22, 8, 16 9, 1, 1, 0OPEN/DIST-GRAZ O-S/DIST-GRAZ WOOD/GRAZ136, 67, 35, 30 13, 4, 3, 5OPEN/NDIST-GRAZO-S/NDIST-GRAZ8, 1, 0, 081, 39, 16, 16 2, 1, 1, 0OPEN/SWARDMO-S/SWARDM62, 16, 3, 7 7, 4, 0, 1OPEN/JUXTO-S/JUXT54, 19, 10, 4 7, 3, 0, 0WBS9, 0, 0, 6W-O-W(S+M ECOTONE)68, 15, 18, 0O + W60, 14, 11, 1118
Across patcharrangementJuxtapositionGrazingDisturbanceWithin-patch processesNo GrazingGrazing anddisturbancerequirementsunknownVeteran/ Deadwood/DetritusPROCESSESVARIETYECOLOGICAL SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENTOpen WetlandWet WoodlandWetland lacking openwaterLittoral including marginsof fluctuating waterbodiesStandingwater requiredStandingwater / Runningwaterrequired (either occurs in both,or not specified)RunningwaterrequiredDampWet woodlandlacking open WaterLittoralStandingwaterrequiredStandingwater/RunningwaterrequiredRunningwaterrequiredVARIETYSpecies occuring in wide variety of habitats, but associated with certain processes e.g. carrion, dung, walls, ivy etc.WLAND/DETRI LITT/DETRI VET/WETVeteran trees inwetlandWetland detritus Littoral detritusDEAD/DAMP DEAD/WETDampdeadwoodWet saturateddeadwood,including rotholesWLAND LITT SW SW/AQVEG SRW SRW/AQVEG RW WOOD/DAMP WOOD/WET LITT/WOOD SW/WOOD SRW/WOOD RW/WOODOpen wetland (specieshave no essentialrequirement for openwater)Species of wet littoralmargins, in a variety ofopen situationsStanding water, nonspecificor unshadedwith aquaticvegetation, can bewithin wetlands oropenAquaticvegetation alsorequiredStanding orrunningwaterrequired, can bewithin wetlandsor openAquaticvegetation alsorequiredriverine habitats,or otherrunningwaterrequired (e.g.trickles andflushes or slowmoving water)Wet woodland andCarr habitatsShaded littoralhabitatsWet woodland withstandingwater,including shadedaquatic habitatslacking submergedaquatic vegetationShaded running orstandingwater(e.g. woodland orcarr pools andstreams)Woodland andCarr habitatsbutrunningwaterrequiredWLAND/NGRAZ LITT/NGRAZ SW/GRAZ SRW/NGRAZSpecies of plentifulvegetation and tallgrass. Light grazing orbiomass harvest isnecessary to maintainopen conditions.Disturbance not anessential requirementSpecies of plentifulvegetation and tall grass,requiring standing water.Light grazing or biomassharvest is necessary tomaintain open conditions.Disturbance not anessential requirementSpecies of plentiful vegetation and tallgrass, requiring standing water. Lightgrazing or biomass harvest is necessaryto maintain open conditions.Disturbance not an essentialrequirement.Species of plentiful vegetationand tall grass, requiring standingor running water. Light grazing orbiomass harvest is necessary tomaintain open conditions.Disturbance not an essentialrequirement.WLAND/DIST LITT/DISTWetland withbareground/ novegetation (bydisturbance) requiredfor speciesLittoral marginsunvegetated / withbareground required (bydisturbance)WLAND/DIST-GRAZ LITT/DIST-GRAZ SW/DIST-GRAZWithin wetlandsshortgrass (bygrazing/biomassharvest) andbareground/poachi ngis requiredLittoral margins withshortgrass (bygrazing/biomass harvest)and bareground/poachi ngrequiredShortgrass (by grazing/biomassharvest)and bareground/poachingrequired with standingwaterWLAND/GRAZGrazing with wetland,no requirement fordisturbanceWLAND/SWARDM LITT/SWARDMWetland with swardmosaicsLittoral margins withsward mosaicsW-O-W(S+M ECOTONE) SW/ECOTONE SRW/ECOTONE RW/ECOTONE W-O-W(S+M ECOTONE)Moisture Ecotone across either open or woodlandstructures e.g heath to fen /dune slack or wetwoodland: requires extensive grazing withincomplex sitesrequires an ecotone of open habitats,and woodland/scrub, with standingwaterrequires an ecotone of openhabitats, and woodland/scrub,with waterrequires anecotone of openhabitats, andwoodland/scrub,with running waterMoisture Ecotone across either open or woodlandstructures e.g heath to fen /dune slack or wetwoodland: requires extensive grazing within complexsitesFigure 22. Matrix of the classification of wetland guilds119
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Securing Biodiversityin BrecklandGu
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Commissioning GroupNeil Featherston
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Wind-blown sand guild .............
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milder winters and increased winter
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Creating broad ruderal and disturbe
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Introduction“Few of the lowland d
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Inland DunesThe 1km wide dune and b
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Following the Black Death of the mi
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The area of grass-heath declined by
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PingosPingos are ground water fed p
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Breckland Conservation and the Need
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SSSI. The Breckland Forest SSSI cit
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The Breckland Biodiversity Audit ha
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The Breckland bio-geographic region
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polygons of alternating calcareous
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quality calcareous fen communities
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Figure 2. The extent of Breckland,
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Table 3. Grass-heath vegetation in
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The Conservation Resource: Designat
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All other SSSIs are less than 600 h
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GrasslandHeathWoodlandWetlandFlowin
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Calcicolous grasslandsShingle, stra
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Figure 4. Location of designated si
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Figure 6. Location of Plantlife’s
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Figure 7. Locations of stations in
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Scheme for Stilt & Stalk Flies, Dra
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Table 6. Rare vascular plant specie
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Recommendation BTO be commissioned
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Table 7. Species for which records
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Table 8. Descriptions of Red Data B
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If the sub-species was designated b
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Collating and Synthesising Species
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Table 11. Published, documentary an
Page 67 and 68: Baron de Worms, C.G.M. (1953) Colle
Page 69 and 70: Guild AnalysisA number of habitat a
Page 71 and 72: The specific questions for the work
Page 73 and 74: Findings of the Breckland Biodivers
Page 75 and 76: Recording Effort and CoverageThere
Page 77 and 78: Butterfly Conservation (Suffolk) 17
Page 79 and 80: Norfolk Biodiversity InformationSer
Page 81 and 82: Figure 11. Number of taxonomic grou
Page 83 and 84: difference is partly attributable t
Page 85 and 86: There were Breckland specialist spe
Page 87 and 88: Figure 13. Proportion of Breckland
Page 89 and 90: Distribution of Breckland Conservat
Page 91 and 92: Figure 15. Number of Breckland cons
Page 93 and 94: Evidence of Climatic Change: Long-T
Page 95 and 96: Figure 17. Total seasonal precipita
Page 97 and 98: Biodiversity Implications of the Ch
Page 99 and 100: Ariel depositions to agricultural s
Page 101 and 102: the status of Deschampsia flexuosa.
Page 103 and 104: The relative effects of ploughing,
Page 105 and 106: Trends in Species Status: Extinctio
Page 107 and 108: HymenopteraHymenopteraHymenopteraCo
Page 109 and 110: In addition to the loss of rare lic
Page 111 and 112: edstraw Galium parisiense (Tansley
Page 113 and 114: The relative extent of lichen rich
Page 115 and 116: The Feasibility and Usefulness of t
Page 117: Across patch arrangementLandscape c
Page 121 and 122: Delivery of Multiple Species by Int
Page 125 and 126: Mechanical disturbance to create br
Page 129 and 130: estricted to road verges, with the
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Page 133 and 134: Records of species from this guild
Page 135 and 136: © Jeremy Earlywww.natureconservati
Page 139 and 140: Open with sward mosaics guildChryso
Page 141 and 142: Grazing without physical disturbanc
Page 143 and 144: Deadwood in an open-woodland ecoton
Page 145 and 146: Specific Requirement in a Variety o
Page 147 and 148: Management to Sustain Dry Terrestri
Page 149 and 150: Heather should rather be considered
Page 151 and 152: GrazingrequirementsLightly sheep-gr
Page 153 and 154: a mosaic of overlapping ploughed, a
Page 155 and 156: Wind-blown sandThere is great uncer
Page 157 and 158: IntensityProcess Technique Immediat
Page 159 and 160: Complex Sward MosaicsComplex sward
Page 161 and 162: Management for Assemblages of Light
Page 163 and 164: Management for Species of Physicall
Page 165 and 166: Key Recommendations for Cultivated
Page 167 and 168: Shallow cultivation is preferable t
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Maidscross Hill is largely overgrow
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Ecological Requirements of Wetland
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numbers of conservation priority sp
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Recommendation Requirements of wetl
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Figure 31. Number of Breckland cons
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Restored pingo complexAt Great Hock
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Figure 32. Number of Breckland cons
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the difficulties of achieving this
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Strategic Challenges to Biodiversit
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Table 22. Problems arising from poo
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Recommendation: Natural England and
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It is therefore vital to carefully
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Creating networks for resilienceTo
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More ambitious possibilities that c
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Figure 34. Example of a potential c
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Connectivity networks© Neal Armour
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and consider whether these repeated
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Ensure that scrub removal, ploughin
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ReferencesADAS. (1997) Biological M
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Haes, E. C. M. & Harding, P. T. (19
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Sastre, B.(2003). Ground spider com
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Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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