Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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SSSI condition assessment mechanisms Consideration should be given to revisit notification criteria for designated sites, particularlythose now known to hold significant invertebrate assemblages. It would be useful to explicitlyrelate these interest features to the conditions and processes required to sustain them. Conservation objectives should be specifically tailored to reflect the requirements of priorityspecies known or assumed to be present, or capable of being present with changes inmanagement, in light of what is now known about the requirements for priority species inBreckland. For Common Standards Monitoring, condition assessment criteria for NVC plant communitiesshould be revised, and localised, to reflect the conditions and processes required by keyassemblages of priority Breckland species. A small percentage of heather, including seedlings and pioneer heather or the appropriateconditions for their regeneration should be considered sufficient qualification of theEuropean feature (i.e. heather heathland, or H1 community of NVC) to be in appropriatecondition.Strategic planning and creation of networks The Biodiversity Audit Commissioning Group should continue to coordinate an integratedapproach to biodiversity delivery. Organisations should operate to maintain and enhance cross-border integration and jointworking, both within and between organisations, to ensure collaborative working at thelandscape scale, to co-ordinate efforts and understanding and to share best practice. It is important that both Local County Records Centres continue to liaise and maintain theBreckland Biodiversity Audit database as an updated and live resource, available tomanagers for strategic planning. Ensure Natural England continues to target Breckland for agri-environment funding, withan emphasis on options and initiatives which support priority species and create andmaintain resilient ecological networks. Opportunities should be taken to strategically buffer and link existing SSSI units into largecontiguous networks wherever possible, allowing integrated grazing management andenhanced populations of specialist assemblages. Connectivity among dispersed sites could be achieved by providing juxtaposition of grassstrips, disturbed ground, and cultivated field margins along existing track-ways. Connectivity both within and across the forest landscape may be achieved by creatingwide, physically disturbed ‘invertebrate super-highways’, that would provideopportunities for spatially continuous un-shaded conditions, population percolation andflanked by nectar rich ungrazed flower rich verges. Connectivity elements may be provided by revitalising stock droving activity to providecross links with these ‘super-highways’.204
ReferencesADAS. (1997) Biological Monitoring of Arable Field Margins in the Breckland ESA, 1989-1996. Reportto MAFF.ADAS. (2001) Report on Project BD1316: Biodiversity Action Plan for Cereal Field Margins:Management of Wildlife Strips.Aerts, R., Berendse, F., De Caluwe, H., and Schmitz, M. (1990) Competition in heathland along anexperimental gradient of nutrient availability. Oikos, 57, 310-318.Bailey, M. D. (1988) The rabbit and the medieval East Anglian economy. Agricultural History Review,36, 1-20.Bailey, M. (1989) A Marginal Economy? East Anglian Breckland in the Later Middle Ages. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge.Baron de Worms, C.G.M. (1963) Notes on Suffolk Lepidoptera for 1961. Transactions of the SuffolkNaturalists Society, 12: 52-54.Beckett, G. (1993) Rare Plant Survey of the Norfolk Breckland. Volumes I-III. Unpublished Report toEnglish Nature.Beckett, G. (1995) Breckland Rare Species: Action Report. Unpublished Report to English Nature.Benamú, MA, Schneider, MI, and Sánchez NE. (2010) Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on biologicalattributes of Alpaida veniliae (Araneae, Araneidae), in laboratory. Chemosphere. 78: 871-876Berendse, F. (1985) The effect of grazing on the outcome of competition between plant species withdifferent nutrient requirements. Oikos, 44, 35-39.Berendse, F. (1990) Organic matter accumulation and nitrogen mineralization during secondarysuccession in heathland ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 78, 413-427.Berendse, F., Laurijsen, C., and Okkerman, P. (1988) The acidifying effect of ammonia volatized fromfarm-manure on forest soils. Ecological Bulletins, 39, 136-138.Berendse, F., Aerts, R., and Bobbink, R. (1993) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and its impact onterrestrial ecosystems. Landscape Ecology of a Stressed Environment (ed C. C. Vos, andOpdam, P.), pp. 104-121. Chapman and Hall, London.Bertoncelj, I. (2010) Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a MosaicForested Landscape. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich.Bobbink, R., Dubbelden, K. den, and Willems, J.H. (1989) Seasonal dynamics of phytomass andnutrients in chalk grassland. Oikos, 55, 216-224.Boorman, I. A. & Fuller, R. M. (1982) Effects of added nutrients on dune swards grazed by rabbits.Journal of Ecology, 70, 345-355.Brown, A., Brotherton P., Pearce, P., Perry, S., Pearson H., Radley, D., Measures, G & Townshend, T.(ed.) (2010) Lost life: England’s lost and threatened species, Natural England, Peterborough,UK.,Chipperfield, H.E. (1961) Suffolk Lepidoptera 1960. Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists Society 11:419-420.Clarke, W. G. (1926) In Breckland Wilds, Robert Scott, London.Corbett, W. M. (1973) Breckland Forest Soils, The Soil Survey of England and Wales, Harpenden.Crompton, G. (1971) Historical Ecology of Lakenheath Warren. Unpublished report presented toHistorical Ecology Discussion Group Meeting 24th and 25th September 1971.Crompton, G. (1977) East Anglian Rare Plant Project: Norfolk. Unpublished Report to NatureConservancy Council Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge.Crompton, G. & Sheail, J. (1975) The historical ecology of Lakenheath Warren in Suffolk, England: Acase study. Biological Conservation, 8, 299-313.Davy, A. J. (1995) Breckland: Looking to the Future, Brecks Initiative, Bury St Edmunds.205
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Securing Biodiversityin BrecklandGu
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Commissioning GroupNeil Featherston
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Wind-blown sand guild .............
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milder winters and increased winter
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Creating broad ruderal and disturbe
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Introduction“Few of the lowland d
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Inland DunesThe 1km wide dune and b
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Following the Black Death of the mi
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The area of grass-heath declined by
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PingosPingos are ground water fed p
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Breckland Conservation and the Need
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SSSI. The Breckland Forest SSSI cit
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The Breckland Biodiversity Audit ha
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The Breckland bio-geographic region
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polygons of alternating calcareous
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quality calcareous fen communities
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Figure 2. The extent of Breckland,
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Table 3. Grass-heath vegetation in
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The Conservation Resource: Designat
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All other SSSIs are less than 600 h
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GrasslandHeathWoodlandWetlandFlowin
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Calcicolous grasslandsShingle, stra
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Figure 4. Location of designated si
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Figure 6. Location of Plantlife’s
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Figure 7. Locations of stations in
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Scheme for Stilt & Stalk Flies, Dra
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Table 6. Rare vascular plant specie
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Recommendation BTO be commissioned
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Table 7. Species for which records
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Table 8. Descriptions of Red Data B
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If the sub-species was designated b
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Collating and Synthesising Species
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Table 11. Published, documentary an
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Baron de Worms, C.G.M. (1953) Colle
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Guild AnalysisA number of habitat a
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The specific questions for the work
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Findings of the Breckland Biodivers
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Recording Effort and CoverageThere
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Butterfly Conservation (Suffolk) 17
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Norfolk Biodiversity InformationSer
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Figure 11. Number of taxonomic grou
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difference is partly attributable t
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There were Breckland specialist spe
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Figure 13. Proportion of Breckland
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Distribution of Breckland Conservat
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Figure 15. Number of Breckland cons
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Evidence of Climatic Change: Long-T
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Figure 17. Total seasonal precipita
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Biodiversity Implications of the Ch
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Ariel depositions to agricultural s
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the status of Deschampsia flexuosa.
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The relative effects of ploughing,
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Trends in Species Status: Extinctio
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HymenopteraHymenopteraHymenopteraCo
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In addition to the loss of rare lic
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edstraw Galium parisiense (Tansley
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The relative extent of lichen rich
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The Feasibility and Usefulness of t
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Across patch arrangementLandscape c
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Across patcharrangementJuxtapositio
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Delivery of Multiple Species by Int
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Mechanical disturbance to create br
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estricted to road verges, with the
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Records of species from this guild
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© Jeremy Earlywww.natureconservati
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Open with sward mosaics guildChryso
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Grazing without physical disturbanc
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Deadwood in an open-woodland ecoton
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Specific Requirement in a Variety o
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Management to Sustain Dry Terrestri
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Heather should rather be considered
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GrazingrequirementsLightly sheep-gr
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Page 159 and 160: Complex Sward MosaicsComplex sward
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Page 179 and 180: Restored pingo complexAt Great Hock
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Page 185 and 186: Strategic Challenges to Biodiversit
Page 187 and 188: Table 22. Problems arising from poo
Page 189 and 190: Recommendation: Natural England and
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Page 193 and 194: Creating networks for resilienceTo
Page 195 and 196: More ambitious possibilities that c
Page 197 and 198: Figure 34. Example of a potential c
Page 199 and 200: Connectivity networks© Neal Armour
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Page 203: Ensure that scrub removal, ploughin
Page 207 and 208: Haes, E. C. M. & Harding, P. T. (19
Page 209 and 210: Sastre, B.(2003). Ground spider com
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Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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