Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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For a subset of rare plants entirely or largely restricted to Breckland (including field mugwortArtemisia campestris, spiked speedwell Veronica spicata, Spanish catchfly Silene otities, grapehyacinth Muscari neglectum, perennial knawel Scleranthus perennis ssp. prostratus, proliferouspink Petrorhagia prolifera and fingered speedwell Veronica triphyllos), it is likely that all existingpopulations have been located and identified. For a further selection of species (e.g. Brecklandthyme Thymus serpyllum, Herniaria glabra, Breckland speedwell Veronica praecox, purple-stemmedcats-tail Phleum phleoides), our understanding of distribution is good but thought to be incomplete.For a further group of species (e.g. burr medic Medicago minima, fine-leaved sandwort Minuartiahybrida, lucerne Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, dense silkybent Apera interrupta) specific surveyshave not been conducted, although records of these species were made during monitoring of focalspecies, and records under-represent their distribution.Breckland Rare Plant Survey data had not been entered into any electronic database previously andwere not fully captured within the LRCs of either Suffolk or Norfolk. Data for 11 Breckland specialityplants covered by Gigi Crompton’s surveys in 1975-7 were collated by P. Dolman (Dolman andSutherland 1992). The audit updated and greatly expanded this database. Records for 28 rareBreckland plant species (Table 6) were compiled to create the Breckland Rare Plant Database(BRPD), collated in April 2010 by Helen Jobson, a University of East Anglia student working withPlantlife. Suffolk Rare Plant Survey records were obtained from the Natural England office in Bury StEdmunds and Norfolk Rare Plant Survey records were obtained from the Natural England office inNorwich. For each of the focal species that had received species-specific survey visits, every datedsurvey record was captured. In addition, any incidental records of additional rare plants (e.g.Phleum phleoides, sand catchfly Silene conica, Apera interupta, Medicago minima, Medicago sativassp. falcata) noted during surveys of focal populations, were also compiled in the electronicdatabase. Further vascular plant records were obtained from the Conservation Room at STANTA,Gillian Beckett’s electronic files and Plantlife records for tower mustard Arabis glabra and redtippedcudweed Filago lutescens.52
Table 6. Rare vascular plant species for which records were collated into the Breckland Rare PlantDatabase (BRPD). Key surveys generating records are shown: Y indicates populations systematicallysurveyed; (Y) indicates lower priority and casual survey; associated records – species not subject to surveyfor which records were extracted from surveys of focal speciesCrompton(1975-77)Beckett(Norfolkonly, 1992)Beckett(1993-4)Leonard(Suffolk only,1991-2009)AssociatedrecordsAlyssum alyssoides Y Y YApera interruptaYArabis glabra Y Y YArtemisia campestris Y Y YCarex ericetorum Y YCorynephorus canescensYDianthus deltoides Y Y YFestuca longifolia Y Y YFilago lutescensYGalium parisiense Y YHerniaria glabra Y Y Y YHypochaeris glabraYHypochaeris maculataYMedicago minima (Y) Y YMedicago sativa ssp. falcata Y YMinuartia hybridaYMuscari neglectumYPetrorhagia proliferaYPhleum phleoides Y Y Y YScleranthus annuusYScleranthus perennis ssp.YprostratusSilene conica Y Y YSilene otites Y Y Y YThymus serpyllum Y Y Y Y YVeronica praecox Y Y YVeronica spicata ssp. spicata Y Y YVeronica triphyllos Y Y YVeronica verna Y Y Y YOther Datasets, Reports and Records from IndividualsDetailed annual plant, invertebrate and vertebrate biodiversity surveys of the Elveden site havebeen commissioned by Center Parcs since 1990. All data from the 1990-2009 surveys were obtainedby the BBA.Invertebrate records collected by Mark Telfer and Brian Eversham between 1993 and 1994 from anumber of grass-heaths, including Lakenheath Warren and road verge sites (Telfer and Eversham1995). All records were obtained by the BBA.All records were also obtained from the report “Invertebrates of Red Lodge Heath in relation toother sites in the Breckland National Character Area: Aculeate Hymenoptera and Coleoptera”(Harvey, 2004). These included species recorded during the survey of Red Lodge Heath and recordscollated by Peter Harvey from other sources.34,369 records were obtained from the ADAS report to MAFF “Biological Monitoring of Arable FieldMargins in the Breckland ESA, 1989-1996” (ADAS 1997). However, 32,177 were only identified tofamily or genus level and contained few priority invertebrate records.53
Page 1 and 2: Securing Biodiversityin BrecklandGu
Page 3 and 4: Commissioning GroupNeil Featherston
Page 5 and 6: Wind-blown sand guild .............
Page 7 and 8: milder winters and increased winter
Page 9 and 10: Creating broad ruderal and disturbe
Page 11 and 12: Introduction“Few of the lowland d
Page 13 and 14: Inland DunesThe 1km wide dune and b
Page 15 and 16: Following the Black Death of the mi
Page 17 and 18: The area of grass-heath declined by
Page 19 and 20: PingosPingos are ground water fed p
Page 21 and 22: Breckland Conservation and the Need
Page 23 and 24: SSSI. The Breckland Forest SSSI cit
Page 25 and 26: The Breckland Biodiversity Audit ha
Page 27 and 28: The Breckland bio-geographic region
Page 29 and 30: polygons of alternating calcareous
Page 31 and 32: quality calcareous fen communities
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2. The extent of Breckland,
Page 35 and 36: Table 3. Grass-heath vegetation in
Page 37 and 38: The Conservation Resource: Designat
Page 39 and 40: All other SSSIs are less than 600 h
Page 41 and 42: GrasslandHeathWoodlandWetlandFlowin
Page 43 and 44: Calcicolous grasslandsShingle, stra
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4. Location of designated si
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6. Location of Plantlife’s
Page 49 and 50: Figure 7. Locations of stations in
Page 51: Scheme for Stilt & Stalk Flies, Dra
Page 55 and 56: Recommendation BTO be commissioned
Page 57 and 58: Table 7. Species for which records
Page 59 and 60: Table 8. Descriptions of Red Data B
Page 61 and 62: If the sub-species was designated b
Page 63 and 64: Collating and Synthesising Species
Page 65 and 66: Table 11. Published, documentary an
Page 67 and 68: Baron de Worms, C.G.M. (1953) Colle
Page 69 and 70: Guild AnalysisA number of habitat a
Page 71 and 72: The specific questions for the work
Page 73 and 74: Findings of the Breckland Biodivers
Page 75 and 76: Recording Effort and CoverageThere
Page 77 and 78: Butterfly Conservation (Suffolk) 17
Page 79 and 80: Norfolk Biodiversity InformationSer
Page 81 and 82: Figure 11. Number of taxonomic grou
Page 83 and 84: difference is partly attributable t
Page 85 and 86: There were Breckland specialist spe
Page 87 and 88: Figure 13. Proportion of Breckland
Page 89 and 90: Distribution of Breckland Conservat
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Page 93 and 94: Evidence of Climatic Change: Long-T
Page 95 and 96: Figure 17. Total seasonal precipita
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Page 99 and 100: Ariel depositions to agricultural s
Page 101 and 102: the status of Deschampsia flexuosa.
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The relative effects of ploughing,
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Trends in Species Status: Extinctio
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HymenopteraHymenopteraHymenopteraCo
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In addition to the loss of rare lic
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edstraw Galium parisiense (Tansley
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The relative extent of lichen rich
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The Feasibility and Usefulness of t
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Across patch arrangementLandscape c
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Across patcharrangementJuxtapositio
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Delivery of Multiple Species by Int
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Figure 24. Number of Breckland cons
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Mechanical disturbance to create br
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estricted to road verges, with the
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Records of species from this guild
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© Jeremy Earlywww.natureconservati
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Open with sward mosaics guildChryso
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Grazing without physical disturbanc
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Deadwood in an open-woodland ecoton
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Specific Requirement in a Variety o
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Management to Sustain Dry Terrestri
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Heather should rather be considered
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GrazingrequirementsLightly sheep-gr
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a mosaic of overlapping ploughed, a
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Wind-blown sandThere is great uncer
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IntensityProcess Technique Immediat
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Complex Sward MosaicsComplex sward
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Management for Assemblages of Light
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Management for Species of Physicall
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Key Recommendations for Cultivated
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Shallow cultivation is preferable t
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Maidscross Hill is largely overgrow
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Ecological Requirements of Wetland
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numbers of conservation priority sp
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Recommendation Requirements of wetl
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Restored pingo complexAt Great Hock
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the difficulties of achieving this
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Strategic Challenges to Biodiversit
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Table 22. Problems arising from poo
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Recommendation: Natural England and
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It is therefore vital to carefully
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Creating networks for resilienceTo
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More ambitious possibilities that c
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Figure 34. Example of a potential c
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Connectivity networks© Neal Armour
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and consider whether these repeated
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Ensure that scrub removal, ploughin
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ReferencesADAS. (1997) Biological M
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Haes, E. C. M. & Harding, P. T. (19
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Sastre, B.(2003). Ground spider com
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