Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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Table 9. Descriptions of species conservation designations not based on IUCN criteria (Sourcehttp://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3425 and http://www.bto.org/psob/index.htm#the_criteria)DesignationNationally RareNationally ScarceBird population status: RedBird population status: AmberDescriptionOccurring in 15 or fewer hectads in Great Britain. Excludes rare speciesqualifying under the main IUCN criteria.Occurring in 16-100 hectads in Great Britain. Excludes rare speciesqualifying under the main IUCN criteria.Species that are Globally Threatened (IUCN criteria)A severe decline in the UK between 1800 and 1995, without substantialrecent recovery (Historic Decline).Severe decline in the UK breeding population size, of more than 50%,over 25 years or since 1969 (Breeding Population Decline)Severe decline in the UK non-breeding population size, of more than 50%,over 25 years or the longer-term (Non-breeding Population Decline)Severe decline of more than 50% in the UK range, as measured bynumber of 10 km squares occupied by breeding birds, over 25 years orthe longer-term (Breeding Range Decline)Species categorised as a Species of European Conservation ConcernRed listed for Historical Decline in a previous review but with substantialrecent recovery (more than doubled in the last 25 years) (HistoricalDecline – Recovery)Moderate decline in the UK breeding population size, of more than 25%,over 25 years or since 1969 (Breeding Population Decline)Moderate decline in the UK non-breeding population size, of more than25%, over 25 years or the longer-term (Non-breeding Population Decline)Moderate decline of more than 25% in the UK range, as measured bynumber of 10 km squares occupied by breeding birds, over 25 years orthe longer-term (Breeding Range Decline)UK breeding population of less than 300 pairs (BR), or non-breedingpopulation of less than 900 individuals (WR). (BR and WR Rarity)At least 50% of the UK breeding (BL) or non-breeding (WL) populationfound in 10 or fewer sites (BL and WL Localisation)At least 20% of the European breeding (BI) or non-breeding (WI)population found in the UK (BI and WI International Importance)Treatment of Sub-speciesAll designated sub-species are given in the list of priorities in an Appendix. However, the accuracy ofidentification of some sub-species was doubtful, such as the presence of the Scottish speciesLycaena phlaeas subsp. hibernica. In addition, a number of older records may have been made priorto the confirmation of the sub-species. Scleranthus perennis ssp. prostratus and Veronica spicatassp. spicata are sub-species naturally restricted to Breckland within the UK and, although other subspeciesoccur elsewhere in the UK, those do not occur naturally in Breckland. However, a number ofrecords for both species were only recorded to species resolution, without sub-species beingexplicitly stated.60
If the sub-species was designated but the parent species was not (e.g. Helianthemum oelandicumsubsp. incanum - Status: Nationally Scarce; Bromus hordeaceus subsp. thominei - Status: NationallyScarce), the parent and the sub-species were considered separately in all analysis and presentation.Where both the main and the sub-species were designated, records for the two were combinedand the higher designation was assigned (e.g. Monotropa hypopitys – RDB: Endangered, BAP;subsp. hypophegea – RDB: Endangered, Status: NS, BAP; Eurhynchium pulchellum - Status:Nationally Scarce, BAP; var. diversifolium – RDB: Endangered).Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii is a coastal sub-species occurring inland in Breckland but is notdesignated, whilst the subsp. tricolor and the parent species are both designated as RDB. In thiscase the sub-species Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii was considered separately from the parent speciesor other sub-species.Breckland Specialist Species: CriteriaSelection of Breckland SpecialistsThe importance of Breckland for regional endemics and specialists was established by identifyingspecies whose distribution range or population size: Is entirely restricted to the Breckland region. Is largely restricted to the Breckland region. Have a primary stronghold in the Breckland region. Have a secondary stronghold in Breckland. Species with a mainly coastal distribution and not found inland apart from within Breckland,were also considered as a separate class of regional specialist as these also contribute to thedistinctive biological character of the region.Definitions of restricted status and strongholds are given in Table 10. Note: As described earlier, theBreckland region was defined as the 23 10 km squares that make up the National Character Area.Initial identification of Breckland specialists was conducted by a preliminary study of all statementsin Recorder 6 database. These statements include information from the Invertebrate Site Registerand a number of Red Data Books and species atlases (Table 11). Species for which “Breckland” orthe “East Anglian Brecks” was stated as important were selected and formed the draft list ofBreckland specialists.This list was refined in consultation with specialists and experts at the Species and HabitatWorkshop and subsequently by contacting approximately a further 60 species experts. In total, thepopulation or distribution status of 744 species was evaluated in relation to their uniqueness toBreckland.For some taxonomic groups accurate information regarding UK distributions and populations sizesare available and were used to classify Breckland specialist status. Sizes of breeding birdpopulations were used to select Breckland specialist birds according to the criteria in Table 10.Atlases of UK population distributions for flowering plants and spiders were available and theseincluded the number of UK 10 km grid squares in which a species has been recorded (Hill et al.2004, British Arachnological Society records (P. Harvey pers. comm.). For other groups, such as61
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Securing Biodiversityin BrecklandGu
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Commissioning GroupNeil Featherston
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Wind-blown sand guild .............
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milder winters and increased winter
Page 9 and 10: Creating broad ruderal and disturbe
Page 11 and 12: Introduction“Few of the lowland d
Page 13 and 14: Inland DunesThe 1km wide dune and b
Page 15 and 16: Following the Black Death of the mi
Page 17 and 18: The area of grass-heath declined by
Page 19 and 20: PingosPingos are ground water fed p
Page 21 and 22: Breckland Conservation and the Need
Page 23 and 24: SSSI. The Breckland Forest SSSI cit
Page 25 and 26: The Breckland Biodiversity Audit ha
Page 27 and 28: The Breckland bio-geographic region
Page 29 and 30: polygons of alternating calcareous
Page 31 and 32: quality calcareous fen communities
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2. The extent of Breckland,
Page 35 and 36: Table 3. Grass-heath vegetation in
Page 37 and 38: The Conservation Resource: Designat
Page 39 and 40: All other SSSIs are less than 600 h
Page 41 and 42: GrasslandHeathWoodlandWetlandFlowin
Page 43 and 44: Calcicolous grasslandsShingle, stra
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4. Location of designated si
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6. Location of Plantlife’s
Page 49 and 50: Figure 7. Locations of stations in
Page 51 and 52: Scheme for Stilt & Stalk Flies, Dra
Page 53 and 54: Table 6. Rare vascular plant specie
Page 55 and 56: Recommendation BTO be commissioned
Page 57 and 58: Table 7. Species for which records
Page 59: Table 8. Descriptions of Red Data B
Page 63 and 64: Collating and Synthesising Species
Page 65 and 66: Table 11. Published, documentary an
Page 67 and 68: Baron de Worms, C.G.M. (1953) Colle
Page 69 and 70: Guild AnalysisA number of habitat a
Page 71 and 72: The specific questions for the work
Page 73 and 74: Findings of the Breckland Biodivers
Page 75 and 76: Recording Effort and CoverageThere
Page 77 and 78: Butterfly Conservation (Suffolk) 17
Page 79 and 80: Norfolk Biodiversity InformationSer
Page 81 and 82: Figure 11. Number of taxonomic grou
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Page 85 and 86: There were Breckland specialist spe
Page 87 and 88: Figure 13. Proportion of Breckland
Page 89 and 90: Distribution of Breckland Conservat
Page 91 and 92: Figure 15. Number of Breckland cons
Page 93 and 94: Evidence of Climatic Change: Long-T
Page 95 and 96: Figure 17. Total seasonal precipita
Page 97 and 98: Biodiversity Implications of the Ch
Page 99 and 100: Ariel depositions to agricultural s
Page 101 and 102: the status of Deschampsia flexuosa.
Page 103 and 104: The relative effects of ploughing,
Page 105 and 106: Trends in Species Status: Extinctio
Page 107 and 108: HymenopteraHymenopteraHymenopteraCo
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edstraw Galium parisiense (Tansley
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The relative extent of lichen rich
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The Feasibility and Usefulness of t
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Across patch arrangementLandscape c
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Across patcharrangementJuxtapositio
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Delivery of Multiple Species by Int
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Figure 24. Number of Breckland cons
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Mechanical disturbance to create br
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estricted to road verges, with the
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Records of species from this guild
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© Jeremy Earlywww.natureconservati
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Open with sward mosaics guildChryso
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Grazing without physical disturbanc
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Deadwood in an open-woodland ecoton
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Specific Requirement in a Variety o
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Management to Sustain Dry Terrestri
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Heather should rather be considered
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GrazingrequirementsLightly sheep-gr
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a mosaic of overlapping ploughed, a
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Wind-blown sandThere is great uncer
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IntensityProcess Technique Immediat
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Complex Sward MosaicsComplex sward
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Management for Assemblages of Light
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Management for Species of Physicall
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Key Recommendations for Cultivated
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Shallow cultivation is preferable t
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Maidscross Hill is largely overgrow
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Ecological Requirements of Wetland
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numbers of conservation priority sp
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Recommendation Requirements of wetl
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Restored pingo complexAt Great Hock
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the difficulties of achieving this
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Strategic Challenges to Biodiversit
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Table 22. Problems arising from poo
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Recommendation: Natural England and
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It is therefore vital to carefully
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Creating networks for resilienceTo
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More ambitious possibilities that c
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Figure 34. Example of a potential c
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Connectivity networks© Neal Armour
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and consider whether these repeated
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Ensure that scrub removal, ploughin
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ReferencesADAS. (1997) Biological M
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Haes, E. C. M. & Harding, P. T. (19
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Sastre, B.(2003). Ground spider com
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Securing Biodiversity in Breckland - European Commission

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