Bio-SNG - CNG Services

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BIO-SNG FEASIBILITY STUDY – ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL PROJECT7 Lifecycle carbon emissions and Cost of Carbon Analysescompared with alternativesBio-SNG offers two primary benefits: (a) It is a route to provide a substitute for natural gas - that is it hasa contribution to play in security of supply, and (b) it offers reduced carbon emissions by virtue of the fuelbeing biogenic, and therefore considered renewable.In analysing the latter, it is important to consider (a) the actual environmental footprint taking a wholelifecycle analysis of the different pathways of production (primarily different fuel types) as compared withalternative decarbonisation options, and (b) the cost per tonne of carbon abated by this route comparedwith other decarbonisation options.The cases considered as baseline cases and counterfactuals are:Domestic and commercial heating with counterfactuals of oil, gas, electrical (includingrenewable), direct biomass use and GSHPTransport applications with counterfactuals of petrol/diesel/conventional CNG/electrical vehicles.7.1 LIFECYCLE CARBON EMISSIONSAnalysing the full lifecycle carbon emissions 49 of a process is complex, requiring not only detailedunderstanding of fuel types, process configurations, the emissions profile of the counterfactual cases, andthe methodology for such analysis, noting particularly the role of co-products and how they are valued.Recently North Energy undertook an analysis for the National Non-Food Crop Centre for Bio-SNGproduced from a variety of different routes 50 . The key observations from this analysis are summarisedbelow.North Energy undertook the analysis using two methodologies: (a) based on the UK EA methodologyusing the UK BEAT tool developed in 2008, and (b) based on the requirements of the Renewable EnergyDirective. The key difference between these two methodologies is how „substitutions‟ and „credits‟ aretreated. Inter alia, this encompasses how the carbon savings/penalties of co-products are valued, andhow displaced product pathways are handled – for example what the presumed destination of a wasteproduct would have been, had it not been used for this application, and what the carbon profile of thatdisplaced route is considered to have been. It should be noted that ultimately the UK will need todemonstrate savings based on the final agreed EU methodology for compliance with its RenewableEnergy Directive Targets.49 Here the unit is correctly termed the Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions, as this also includes thegreenhouse gas impacts of other gases such as Methane and Nitrous oxides50 “Analysis of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Thermochemical BioSNG Production and Use in the UnitedKingdom” Project Code NNFCC 10-009 Study funded by DECC and managed by NNFCC North Energy Associates(June 2010)60
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