Occupation

Reports and DocumentsThe inclusion of selected case law illustrates, among other things, thegrowing number of domestic prosecutions for violations of IHL and otherinternational crimes, and shows the practical application of domestic implementingmeasures to punish these crimes. National IHL committees and other similar bodiesare also increasing in number. More and more states find them an important tool infacilitating national implementation measures. The recent creation of an IHLcommittee in Turkmenistan has brought their total number worldwide to 101 at theend of 2011.To further its implementation work, the ICRC organized a number ofworkshops and national and regional events during the period under review. Ofparticular note was the 31st International Conference of the Red Cross and RedCrescent. 1 This conference, which takes place every four years, brought together theStates Parties to the Geneva Conventions, the world’s National Red Cross and RedCrescent Societies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red CrescentSocieties, and the International Committee of the Red Cross in order to discuss thestrengthening of IHL and humanitarian action. More than 2,000 delegates debatedand adopted a series of resolutions on action to boost legal protection for victims ofarmed conflict, strengthen disaster law, enhance local humanitarian work, andaddress barriers to health care.Universal participation in international treaties is a vital first step towardrespect for life and human dignity in armed conflict, and is therefore a priority forthe ICRC. In the period under review, seven of the twenty-eight IHL conventionsand protocols were ratified or acceded to, showing a steady growth in the number ofStates Parties to the Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and theConvention on Cluster Munitions. By the end of 2011 a total of sixty-seven stateshad become party to the latter treaty, which was adopted at the end of 2008 andcame into force on 1 August 2010 (the complete list can be found at: http://www.icrc.org/ihl).1 See: http://www.rcrcconference.org/en/introduction.html (last visited March 2012).418