INDICATORS

Calculation:
1a) For adults: Lifetime prevalence and last year prevalence for use of the mentioned drugs
among adults in nationwide surveys (reported to EMCDDA) among the general population.
The recommended age range is 15–64 years for the whole adult population and 15 to 34
years for young adults.
1b) For adults: Percentage of men/women having used drugs (such cannabis, cocaine,
amphetamines, ecstasy or other similar substances) during the past 12 months, derived
from EHIS questions CN.2 and CN.3. CN.2: During the past 12 months, have you taken
any cannabis (or term best understood by respondent? (yes/no). CN.4: During the past 12
months, have you taken any other drug, such as cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy or other
similar substances? (yes/no).
2) For school students: Lifetime prevalence for use of the mentioned substances among 15–
16 year-old school students collected by school surveys (ESPAD, HBSC and other national
surveys). The numerator is the estimation of the number of people that declare having used
specified drugs in these timeframes and the denominator is the population in their respective
age groups.
Notes: Lifetime prevalence of drug use is a cumulative measure that includes individuals who
have tried drugs in the past. For adults has limitations to assess the current situation, but
for school students can be a valid indicator of the current situation. Despite limits, it gives
a rough estimation of the extent of drug experience and exposure in the population,. It can
help to estimate incidence (together with year of first use) and to compute basic use patterns
(continuation and discontinuation rates).
Last year prevalence gives information on the recent situation (in particular among adults)
regarding prevalence of drug use, and it is consistent with other drug and health indicators
expressed as annual prevalences.
Population surveys have limitations in estimating very marginalised forms of drug use (e.g.
heroin injection), or newly emerging drug trends where prevalence is too low to show up in
aggregated national data.
49. CONSUMPTION/AVAILABILITY OF FRUITS
Definition: Average amount of fruits available (excluding juice) per person, per year (in
grams).
Calculation:
1) Average amount of fruits (excluding juice) consumed (grams) per person per day,
as obtained from household budget surveys (HBS). And percent of population below
consumption of 100 g/day. Exact amount in grams to be decided later.
2) Average amount of fruits (excluding juice) consumed (grams) per person per day,
as obtained from national food consumption surveys using food diary. And percent of
population below consumption of 100 g/day. Exact amount in grams to be decided later.
3) Percentage of people eating fruits (excluding juice) at least daily, derived from EHIS
question FV.1. How often do you eat fruits (excluding juice)? 1. Twice or more a day / 2.
Once a day / 3. Less than once a day but at least 4 times a week / 4. Less than 4 times a week,
but at least once a week / 5. Less than once a week / 6. Never. Precise operationalisation to be
formulated.
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