WOMEN 'S HEALTH AND MENOPAUSE : - National Heart, Lung ...

TABLE 11–4
236
Cohort Studies on Hormone Replacement Therapy and Colorectal Cancer
Adjustment
Recency
of Use
Duration of Use
Country
Reference
Comments
Rectum
RR (95% Confidence Interval)
(Ever versus Never Users)
Colon-
Rectum Colon
Population
(Followup)
No Cancer
Age.
Not shown
No effect
(RR = 1.02, 0.6–1.8,
for ≥ 8-year use)
—
—
1.00
(n. s.)
7,345
(4 years)
68
California,
U.S.A.
Wu et al., 111
1987
Age.
RR for colon
mortality = 0.6, 0.4–0.9.
Not shown
No effect
0.9
(0.7–1.2)
0.8
(0.5–1.2)
0.8
(0.4–1.3)
0.9
(0.7–1.1)
0.9
(0.7–1.1)
1.0
(0.8–1.3)
0.6
(0.4–1.0)
0.9
(0.7–1.2)
—
HRT
Sweden
Estriol
22,597
(13 years)
233
62 deaths
Adami et al., 90
1989 and
Persson et al. 56
1996
—
Opposed HRT
Any type
Age, BMI, OC use,
cancer family history,
diet, alcohol, smoking,
and age at menopause.
No risk reduction
after 5 years of
discontinuation
(RR = 0.9, 0.8–1.2)
No effect
(RR = 0.7, 0.5–1.0,
for ≥ 5 year use)
0.7
(0.4–1.1)
0.8
(0.5–1.2)
0.6
(0.5–0.9)
0.7
(0.7–1.1)
0.7
(0.5–0.8)
0.8
(0.7–1.1)
Current users
Past users
59,002
(14 years)
470
U.S.A.,
Nurses’
Health Study
Chute et al., 112
1991 and
Grodstein et
al., 113 1998
Age, BMI, W/H ratio,
alcohol, exercise, and
medical history.
No effect
Inverse trend
(RR = 0.31 for ≤ 5
year use)
—
0.8
(0.6–1.1)
0.7
(0.5–1.1)
Former users
Iowa, U.S.A.
Current users
41,837
(6 years)
293
Bostick et al., 114
1994 and
Folsom et al., 115
1995