WOMEN 'S HEALTH AND MENOPAUSE : - National Heart, Lung ...

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CHAIRS AND EDITORS Chair and Editor Nanette K. Wenger, M.D. Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. Cochair and Coeditor Rodolfo Paoletti, M.D. Professor of Pharmacology Director, Department of Pharmacological Sciences University of Milan Milan, Italy PANEL MEMBERS Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, M.D. Professor and Chief Division of Epidemiology Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. Martin H. Birkhäuser, M.D. Professor Division of Gynecological Endocrinology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bern Bern, Switzerland II Cochair and Coeditor Claude J. M. Lenfant, M.D. Director National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. Cochair and Coeditor Vivian W. Pinn, M.D. Associate Director for Research on Women’s Health Director, Office of Research on Women’s Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. Louise A. Brinton, Ph.D. Chief, Environmental Epidemiology Branch National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. Aila Collins, Ph.D. Associate Professor Psychology Section Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
Peter Collins, M.D. Reader and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist Imperial College School of Medicine and Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom Pier Giorgio Crosignani, M.D. Professor and Chairman First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Milan Milan, Italy Lorraine Dennerstein, A.O., M.B.B.S., Ph.D., D.P.M., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P. Professor and Director Office for Gender and Health Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville, VIC, Australia Bruce Ettinger, M.D. Senior Investigator Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Oakland, CA, U.S.A. Jan-Åke Gustafsson, M.D., Ph.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Medical Nutrition Chairman, Department of Biosciences Karolinska Institute Novum, Huddinge University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden Victor W. Henderson, M.D., M.S. Professor Departments of Geriatrics and Neurology Donald W. Reynolds Center on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, U.S.A. Susan Hendrix, D.O. Associate Professor Division of Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine Hutzel Hospital Detroit, MI, U.S.A. Carlo La Vecchia, M.D. Head, Laboratory of Epidemiology Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Professor of Epidemiology University of Milan Milan, Italy Robert Lindsay, M.D., Ph.D. Chairman of Medicine Helen Hayes Hospital Professor of Clinical Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY, U.S.A. Adriana Maggi, Ph.D. Professor of Biotechnology and Pharmacology Director, Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory Department of Pharmacological Sciences University of Milan Milan, Italy Joan A. McGowan, Ph.D. Director, Musculoskeletal Diseases Branch National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. III
Page 1: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Ins
Page 6 and 7: Anne McTiernan, M.D., Ph.D. Associa
Page 8 and 9: Lenore Manderson, Ph.D. Director an
Page 10 and 11: Michael Mendelsohn, M.D. Director,
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface XIII 1 Ex
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE Women’s health and menopa
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nanett
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 1-1 Evidence Categories Evide
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 1-2 (continued) Possible Bene
Page 23 and 24: symptom measures, cultural factors,
Page 25 and 26: 5. PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF ESTROGEN A
Page 27 and 28: The atherogenic risk profile of old
Page 29 and 30: • Hormone replacement therapy: Fi
Page 31 and 32: tion of the remaining ridge in area
Page 33 and 34: 9.3.1 Interventions • In many cas
Page 35 and 36: Parkinson’s disease, no overall p
Page 37 and 38: TABLE 1-3 (continued) Sexuality •
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 2: THE MENOPAUSE AND AGING
Page 41 and 42: oped and are less prepared to addre
Page 43 and 44: FIGURE 2-4 Diabetes Mellitus. Estim
Page 45 and 46: Sarcopenia, defined as reduced musc
Page 47 and 48: Perimenopause WHO The term “perim
Page 49 and 50: decrease about 2 years before the F
Page 51 and 52: 4.3 Menstrually Defined Menopausal
Page 53 and 54: to be under stress and to hold part
Page 55 and 56:
21 Brincat MP. Hormone replacement
Page 57 and 58:
62 Orentreich N, Brind JL, Rizer RL
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 3: SYMPTOMS AND THE MENOPAU
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women who may have reached natural
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numb-tingling feelings, headaches,
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(47 percent), problems sleeping (39
Page 67 and 68:
FIGURE 3-2 Proportion of Women Both
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tomized hypogonadotropic women expe
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5.1 Exercise It has been suggested
Page 73 and 74:
to consume 20-150 mg/day of isoflav
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REFERENCES 1 Stewart AL, Hays RD, W
Page 77 and 78:
48 Avis NE, Crawford SL, McKinlay S
Page 79:
92 Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bonacco
Page 82 and 83:
Hällström wrote that the psycholo
Page 84 and 85:
countries. Perhaps, as the authors
Page 86 and 87:
Beyene used a systematic ethnograph
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ange of variables, such as genetic
Page 90 and 91:
REFERENCES 1 Gannon L, Ekstrom B. A
Page 92 and 93:
47 George T. Women in a south India
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9. Estrogen and inhibins produced b
Page 96 and 97:
HRT) display tissue-selective estro
Page 98 and 99:
a partial agonist. In contrast, wit
Page 100 and 101:
3. UROGENITAL TRACT ERα and ERβ a
Page 102 and 103:
4. BONE: DEVELOPMENT AND HOMEOSTASI
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in response to estrogen. 106,105 In
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lation of sleep, motor behavior, an
Page 108 and 109:
7. HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY: TRA
Page 110 and 111:
REFERENCES 1 Jensen EV, Jacobsen HI
Page 112 and 113:
40 Power RF, Mani SK, Codina J, Con
Page 114 and 115:
83 Oursler MJ, Pederson L, Fitzpatr
Page 116 and 117:
125 Gabrielsson BG, Carmignac DF, F
Page 118 and 119:
169 Renier MA, Vereecken A, Buytaer
Page 120 and 121:
FIGURE 6-1 Structural features of E
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ound, the conformation of the recep
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with extremely potent estrogenic ac
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Its potency as an antiestrogen was
Page 128 and 129:
The observation that the degree of
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findings were remarkable because a
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Recently, the use of phage display
Page 134 and 135:
20 Crawley G. Non steroidal estroge
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65 Qu Q, Zheng H, Dahllund J, et al
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in their survey of postmenopausal w
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where over half the world’s popul
Page 142 and 143:
The Danish study of Koster and Gard
Page 144 and 145:
Many studies of sexual interest in
Page 146 and 147:
7. ASSESSING SEXUAL ACTIVITY Clinic
Page 148 and 149:
None of these studies evaluated the
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estrogen-androgen group during the
Page 152 and 153:
REFERENCES 1 Sarrel PM, Whitehead M
Page 154 and 155:
52 Utian WH. The true clinical feat
Page 156 and 157:
140
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outes of administration and differe
Page 160 and 161:
FIGURE 8-2 Change in Age-Adjusted D
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fied as overweight or obese. 32 The
Page 164 and 165:
TABLE 8-1 148 Guide to Risk Reducti
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TABLE 8-1 (continued) 150 Recommend
Page 168 and 169:
TABLE 8-1 (continued) 152 Recommend
Page 170 and 171:
Interesting differences in atherosc
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similar effects in both patients wi
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a lowering of triglycerides, 140 an
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may account for a substantial propo
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associated with an independent prot
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eases preoperatively. Quality of li
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excess risk of 6-18 per 10,000 per
Page 184 and 185:
REFERENCES 1 NHLBI Morbidity and Mo
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36 Samaras K, Hayward CS, Sullivan
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79 Collins P, Rosano GM, Jiang C, L
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121 Mäkelä S, Savolainen H, Aavik
Page 192 and 193:
162 Clarke S, Kelleher H, Lloyd-Jon
Page 194 and 195:
201 Rahimtoola SH, Bennett AJ, Grun
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243 Varas-Lorenzo C, Garcia-Rodriqu
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7. A connection between menopausal
Page 200 and 201:
3. PATHOGENESIS OF FRACTURE Fractur
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Diagnosis of osteoporosis according
Page 204 and 205:
density and has a favorable effect
Page 206 and 207:
How should this information be inco
Page 208 and 209:
emergence of proved treatment alter
Page 210 and 211:
Data on the relation between skelet
Page 212 and 213:
REFERENCES 1 Osteoporosis Preventio
Page 214 and 215:
42 Gluer CC. Quantitative ultrasoun
Page 216 and 217:
85 Ettinger B, Pressman A, Silver P
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130 Jeffcoat MK, Lewis CE, Reddy M,
Page 220 and 221:
1. INTRODUCTION Perimenopausal wome
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for breast cancer are at increased
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findings on biopsy in women with an
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thra. Patients typically describe l
Page 228 and 229:
Biofeedback: Used in conjunction wi
Page 230 and 231:
There has been one systematic revie
Page 232 and 233:
ence in pelvic organ prolapse. The
Page 234 and 235:
21 Ferenczy A. Endometrial carcinom
Page 236 and 237:
65 Wyman JF, Fantl JA, McClish DK,
Page 238 and 239:
222
Page 240 and 241:
1. INTRODUCTION Worldwide, breast c
Page 242 and 243:
difficult to compare because of com
Page 244 and 245:
Although HRT has been related to an
Page 246 and 247:
cyclic use and 2.9 (95 percent CI 2
Page 248 and 249:
TABLE 11-3 Selected Studies on Horm
Page 250 and 251:
TABLE 11-3 (continued) Thus, a stro
Page 252 and 253:
TABLE 11-4 236 Cohort Studies on Ho
Page 254 and 255:
TABLE 11-5 238 Case-Control Studies
Page 256 and 257:
TABLE 11-5 (continued) 240 Adjustme
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When the same women in NSABP were r
Page 260 and 261:
REFERENCES 1 Pisani P, Parkin DM, B
Page 262 and 263:
47 Day NE. Epidemiology: the role o
Page 264 and 265:
93 Rodriguez C, Patel AV, Calle EE,
Page 266 and 267:
139 Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Negr
Page 268 and 269:
1. INTRODUCTION Menopause is associ
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inverse relation with nonverbal mem
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ease decreased significantly with i
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of households selected to be repres
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standard antipsychotic drugs increa
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5. FUTURE NEEDS • Explore the pos
Page 280 and 281:
19 Berman KF, Schmidt PJ, Rubinow D
Page 282 and 283:
64 Lerner A, Koss E, Debanne S, Row
Page 284 and 285:
114 Smith R, Studd JW. A pilot stud
Page 286 and 287:
162 Klein BE. Lens opacities in wom
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patients with strong personal convi
Page 290 and 291:
Therefore, convincing evidence of t
Page 292 and 293:
3.1.1 Risk Factors Many factors are
Page 294 and 295:
278 lower dosages of estrogen will
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• Diabetes: Women with diabetes b
Page 298 and 299:
Lipids and lipoproteins • LDL cho
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284 persists but is less steep in w
Page 302 and 303:
5.2.3 Pharmacotherapy Breast Cancer
Page 304 and 305:
• There is no clinical trial evid
Page 306 and 307:
Sirtori CR, Pazzucconi F, Colombo L
Page 308 and 309:
Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers
Page 310 and 311:
Dementia and Mental Health Forette
Page 312 and 313:
CRP C-reactive protein CT computed
Page 314 and 315:
PTCA percutaneous transluminal coro
Page 316:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
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