106 that would have classified 98 percent of architecture firms as small businesses, meaning that smaller shops would have been forced to compete with much larger firms for federal projects. The newly passed Stronger Voice for Small Business Act, which was rolled into last year’s defense bill, enables firms to challenge new size definitions through an internal SBA process instead of resorting to legal action. The AIA, which is nervous about whether tax credits for historic preservation and low-income housing will survive a broader tax overhaul debate, is supporting a bipartisan bill in the House that would extend funding for the credits for 10 years. Of the Republican candidates, one of the only supporters appears to be Kasich, who as governor of Ohio backed historic building credits, opposing an effort in the state Senate last year to freeze them. In November, Oklahoma Sen. James Lankford (R), an opponent of preservation tax credits, playfully included Trump on his long list of “wasteful” government spending. Lankford pointed out that the developer had received a $40 million tax credit toward converting the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C., into a hotel. Building and Design Recently, there’s been talk on Capitol Hill about weakening requirements for the State Department’s design excellence guidelines (which the AIA helped shape). Leaders of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, concerned about cost overruns on projects such as the embassies in London, Mexico City, and Kabul, Afghanistan, have questioned whether the program emphasizes style over safety. Diplomatic security has been a paramount concern since the 2<strong>01</strong>2 attack on the mission in Benghazi, Libya. (An effort by Cruz to launch a Senate investigation into the incident was blocked by Democrats in 2<strong>01</strong>4.) Utah Rep. Jason Chaffetz (R), who chairs the Government Reform subcommittee on national security and is a critic of the design excellence program, has conceded that congressional Republicans cut funding for embassy security ahead of the Benghazi attack. Department officials have defended the design excellence program, arguing that buildings tailored to their environments will fare better than cookie-cutter fortresses. While security is Job One, other factors such as energy efficiency and representing the country in a positive way remain crucial. “Design is not about pretty,” Goldberg says. “It’s about integrating all these things—not just aesthetics but how things work.” Meanwhile, in December, the passage of a longoverdue $305 billion transportation bill, which will provide funding for roads, bridges, and transit over the next five years, threatens to make infrastructure a forgotten topic during the campaign, even though it will remain an important issue for the next president. Cruz, Rubio, and Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul all voted against the package in the Senate. On the other hand, Trump, during one of the GOP debates, said that the nation had spent $4 trillion “trying to topple” dictators—money that he believes could have more profitably been used at home. “If we could’ve spent that $4 trillion in the United States to fix our roads, our bridges … our airports and all of the other problems we’ve had, we would’ve been a lot better off,” Trump said. Following the derailment of an Amtrak train in Philadelphia in May, which killed eight and injured more than 200, Trump tweeted that he was the candidate best equipped to rebuild American infrastructure: “I know how to build, pols only know how to talk.” On the other side of the aisle, Sanders introduced a trillion-dollar infrastructure package in the Senate last year—more than three times the size of the law passed by Congress. Sanders wants to create an infrastructure bank and favors spending more than $700 billion repairing deficient roads, bridges, and transit systems. Both Clinton and O’Malley favor revival of the Build America Bonds program, which was created as part of the 2009 stimulus package, and which offered tax breaks and other incentives to investors in capital projects. In addition, Clinton has said that she would provide $25 billion over five years to fund a national infrastructure bank to leverage funds for priority projects around the country. Both Build America Bonds and an infrastructure bank are AIA priorities. Student Debt How to train a new generation of architects and keep them in the field? The AIA supports a bill known as the National Design Services Act, which would offer debt relief to students in exchange for community service. Loan forgiveness programs are already available for medical students, for example, but Colorado Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D), who is working on the bill with the
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