Electronic Circuit Analysis

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304 APPENDIX Physical constants Charge of an electron Mass of an electron elm ratio of an electron Plank's constant e m elm h 1.60 x 10- 19 coulombs 9.09 x 10- 31 Kg 1.759 x 1011 ClKg 6.626 x 10- 34 J-sec Boltzman's constant K K 1.381 x 10- 23 JfOK 8.62 x 10- 5 ev/oK Avogadro's number Velocity oflight Permeability offree space Permittivity offree space Intrinsic concentration in silicon at 300 OK Intrinsic resistivity in silicon at 300 oK Mobility of electronics in silicon Mobility of holes in silicon Energy gap at in silicon at 300 oK c nj rj Il\ ~ 6.023 x 10 23 molecules/mole 3 x,10 8 mlsec 1.257 x 10-6 Him 8.85 x 10- 12 F/m = 1.5 x 10 19 /cm 3 =230,000W--cm = 1300cm 2 /V-sec =500cm 2 /V-sec = 1.1 ev.
APPENDIX-3 Capacitors Capacitance The farad (F) is the Sf unit of capacitance. The farad is the capacitance of a capacitor that contains a charge of 1 coulomb when the potential difference between its terminals is 1 volt. Leakage Current Despite the fact that the dielectric is an insulator, small leakage currents flow between the plates of a capacitor. The actual level of leakage current depends on the insulation resistance of the dielectric. Plastic film capacitors, for example, may have insulation resistances higher than 100,000 MO. At the other extreme, an electrolytic capacitor may have a microampere (or more) of leakage current, with only 10 V applied to its terminals. Polarization Electrolytic capacitors normally have one terminal identified as the most positive connection. Thus, they are said to be polarized. This usually limits their application to situations where the polarity of the applied voltage will not change. This is further discussed for electrolytic capacitors. Capacitor Equivalent <strong>Circuit</strong> An ideal capacitor has a dielectric that has an infinite resistance and plates that have zero resistance. However, an ideal capacitor does not exist, as all dielectrics have some leakage current and all capacitor plates have some resistance. The complete equivalent circuit for a capacitor [shown in Fig. A-3.1(a)] cons:istsofan rlealcapacitorC in series with a resistance RD representing the resistance of the plates, and in parallel with a resistance RL representing the leakage resistance of the dielectric. Usually, the plate resistance can be completely neglected, and the equivalent circuit becomes that shown in Fig. A-3.I(b). With capacitors that have a very high leakage resistance (e.g., mica and plastic film capacitors), the parallel resistor is frequently omitted in the equivalent circuit, and the capacitor is then treated as an ideal capacitor. This cannot normally be done for electrolytic capacitors, for example, which have relatively low leakage resistances. The parallel Rc circuit in,
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Electronic Circuit Analysis Second
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Copyright © 2008, by Publisher All
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PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION Since pub
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x Many Textbooks are referred while
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xii 2.5 Frequency Effects .........
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xiv Unit - 7 Voltage Regulators ...
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xvi C x rx AVI All B.W Ie A=J; IH=
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Brief History of Electronics In sci
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xxi 1975: MSI (Multiplenum, Address
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UNIT - 1 Single Stage Amplifiers In
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Single Stage Amplifzers 3 (d) Type
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Single Stage Amplifiers Ie is in rn
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Single Stage Amplifiers 7 1.3.3 Cur
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Single Stage Amplifiers 9 1.4 Commo
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Single Stage Amplifiers 11 ~ The va
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Single Stage Amplifiers 13 The h-pa
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Single Stage Amplifiers 15 1.5.1 In
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Single Stage Amplifiers 17 Example
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Single Stage Amplifiers 19 ~ is the
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Single Stage Amplifiers 21 1.6 JFET
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Single Stage Amplifiers 23 The pric
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Single Stage Amplifiers 25 But rd»
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Single Stage Amplifiers 27 1. 7 Com
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Single Stage Amplifiers 29 1.9 Gain
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Single Stage Amplifiers 31 1. Write
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UNIT - 2 Multistage Amplifiers In t
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Multistage Amplifiers 35 2.1.5 Band
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Multistage Amplifiers 37 I stage: F
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Multistage Amplifrers 39 The equiva
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Multistage Amplifiers 41 Solution:
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Multistage Amplifiers 43 Example :
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Multistage Amplifiers 45 But Output
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Multistage Amplifiers 47 or ! If;;
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Multistage Amplifiers 49 2.2.5 Midb
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Multistage Amplifiers 51 2.2.8 Phas
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Multistage Amplifiers 53 R in = Rl
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Multistage Amplifiers 55 If for a g
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Multistage Amplifiers 57 2.5 Freque
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Multistage Amplifiers 59 2.6 Amplif
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Multistage Amplifiers 61 Ordinary G
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Multistage A'mpiifzers 63 !c = 1 e
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Multistage Amplifiers 65 When,f cha
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Multistage Amplifiers 67 Substituti
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Multistage Amplifiers 69 2.7.4 Outp
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Multistage Amplifiers 71 I' can be
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Multistage Amplifiers 73 The circui
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Multistage Amplifiers 75 Therefore,
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Multistage Amplifiers 77 2.9 CE - C
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Multistage Amplifiers 79 where Ad i
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Multistage Amplifiers 81 + vee BI B
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Multistage Amplifiers 83 8 pins. In
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Multistage Amplifiers 85 23. Compar
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Multistage Amplifiers 87 1. (a) R-C
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UNIT - 3 High Frequency Transistor
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High Frequency Transistor Circuits
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High Frequency Transistor (:ircuits
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High Frequency ·Transistor Circuit
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High Frequency Transistor CIraIIts
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High Fri/quency Transistor Circuits
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UNIT - 4 Power Amplifiers In this U
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Power Amplifiers 147 4.1.3 Class B
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Power Amplifiers 149 4.2.2 Transfor
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Power AmpUfiers 151 The assumption
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Power Amplifiers 153 VCC-::::,VCE=V
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Power Amplifiers 155 power. Moreove
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Power Amplifiers 157 In the low fre
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Power Amplifiers v f = Effective in
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Power Amplifiers 161 I max t Ie I m
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Power Amplifiers 163 i., V s ie is
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Power Amplifiers 165 P - V 21m OC-
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Power Amplifiers Po is maximum 2 VC
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Power Amplifiers 169 a pair of clos
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Power Amplifiers 171 Both the trans
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Power Amplifiers 173 Peak collector
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Power Amplifiers 175 A pushpull con
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Power Amplifiers 177 12V 0.8: 1 110
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Power Amplifiers 179 The turns rati
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Power Amplifzers 181 9ja = Junction
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Power Amplifzers 183 I. Amplifiers
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Power Ampiifzers 185 1. What are th
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Power Amplifiers 187 23. TD = ~D; +
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190 Electronic Circuit Analysis 5.1
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192 Electronic Circuit Analysis R ,
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194 Electronic Circuit Analysis Let
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196 Electronic Circuit Analysis Mag
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198 Electronic Circuit Analysis M =
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200 Electronic Circuit Analysis Exp
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202 Electronic Circuit Analysis L c
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204 Electronic Circuit Analysu. Sol
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206 Zon Rjl=RolIl\ Fig. 5.17 ro 2 Z
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208 Electronic Circuit Analysis Mag
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210 Electronic Circuit Analysis I.
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UNIT - 6 Tuned Amplifiers - II In t
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 21S Let P J =
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 217 But the d
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 219 Neglectin
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 221 Q eff =\-
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 223 C ,..-__-
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 225 For a shu
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 227 1 0) (LA
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 229 r-------p
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 231 Solving f
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 233 So the va
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 235 1. Draw t
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UNIT - 7 Voltage Regulators In this
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Voltage Regulators 239 7.1.1 Differ
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Voltage Regulators 241 I. The nomin
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Voltage Regulators 243 7.1.4 Series
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Voltage Regulators 245 + '13Y .....
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Voltage Regulators 247 V 2 15.6 R ~
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Voltage Regulators ==== The error a
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Voltage Regulators 251 1. The stabi
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Voltage Regulators 253 4. Sampling
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Page 349 and 350: APPENDIX-6 Circuit Symbols 1 1 - 1
Page 351 and 352: APPENDIX-7 Unit Conversion Factors
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Page 355 and 356: APPENDIX 331 19 0.912 26.3 35.9 8.0
Page 357 and 358: Index Amplifiers 2, 21, 31 A common
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