Electronic Circuit Analysis

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UNIT - 2 Multistage Amplifiers In this Unit, • Cascading of single stage amplifiers is discussed. • Expressions for overall voltage gain are derived. • Lower cut-off frequency, upper cut-off frequency, when n-stages are cascaded are given. • Phase response of an amplifier, decibel voltage gain, stiff coupling terms are explained. • Other types of transistor circuits, Darlington pair circuits, Boot strapped sweep circuit, Cascode amplifiers are also discussed. • Numerical examples are also given.
34 Electronic Circuit Analysis 2.1 Multistage Amplifiers Methods of Inter Stage Coupling If the amplification obtained from a single stage amplifiers is not sufficient, two or more such amplifiers are connected in Cascade or Series i.e., the output of the first stage will be the input to the second stage. This voltage is further amplified by the second stage and so we get large amplification or large output voltage compared to the input. In the multistage amplifiers, the output of the first stage should be coupled to the input of the second stage and so on : Depending upon the type of coupling, the multistage amplifiers are classified as : 1. Resistance and Capacitance Coupled Amplifiers (RC Coupled) 2. Transformer Coupled Amplifiers 3. Direct Coupled DC Amplifiers 4. Tuned Circuit Amplifiers. 2.1.1 Resistance and Capacitance Coupled Amplifiers (RC Coupled) This type of amplifier is very widely used. It is least expensive and has good frequency response. In the multistage resistive capacitor coupled amplifiers, the output of the first stage is coupled to the next through coupling capacitor and R L . In two stage Resistor Capacitor coupled amplifiers, there is no separate RL between collector and ground, but Reo the resistance between collector and V cc (Rc) itself acts as RL in the AC equivalent circuit. 2.1.2 Transformer Coupled Amplifiers Here the output of the amplifier is coupled to the next stage or to the load through a transformer. With this overall circuit gain will be increased (.: N2 = V J 2 and also impedance matching can be achieved. NI VI But such transformer coupled amplifiers will not have broadfrequency response i.e., (f2 -f,) is small since inductance of the transformer windings will be large. So Transformer coupling is done for power amplifier circuits, where impedance matching is critical criterion for maximum power to be delivered to the load. 2.1.3 Direct Coupled (DC) Amplifiers Here DC stands for direct coupled and not (direct current). In this type, there is no reactive element. Lor C used to couple the output of one stage to the other. The AC output from the collector of one stage is directly given to the base of the second stage transistor directly. So type of amplifiers are used for large amplification of DC and using low frequency signals. Resistor Capacitor coupled amplifiers can not be used for amplifications of DC or low frequency signals since Xc the capacitive reactance of the coupling capacitor will be very large or open circuit for DC (Xc = 112 rtfc. Iff= 0 or low, then Xc ~ 00.) 2.1.4 Tuned Circuit Amplifiers In this type there will be one RC or LC tuned circuit between collector and V ceo in the place of Re. These amplifiers will amplify signals of only fixed frequency..fo which is equal to the resonance frequency of the tuned circuit LC. These are also used to amplify signals of a narrow band of frequencies centerd around the tuned frequency 10.
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Electronic Circuit Analysis Second
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Page 8: PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION Since pub
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Page 76 and 77: Multistage Amplifiers 53 R in = Rl
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Page 80 and 81: Multistage Amplifiers 57 2.5 Freque
Page 82 and 83: Multistage Amplifiers 59 2.6 Amplif
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Page 90 and 91: Multistage Amplifiers 67 Substituti
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Multistage Amplifiers 83 8 pins. In
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Multistage Amplifiers 85 23. Compar
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Multistage Amplifiers 87 1. (a) R-C
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UNIT - 3 High Frequency Transistor
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High Frequency Transistor Circuits
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High Frequency Transistor (:ircuits
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High Frequency ·Transistor Circuit
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High Frequency Transistor CIraIIts
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High Fri/quency Transistor Circuits
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UNIT - 4 Power Amplifiers In this U
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Power Amplifiers 147 4.1.3 Class B
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Power Amplifiers 149 4.2.2 Transfor
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Power AmpUfiers 151 The assumption
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Power Amplifiers 153 VCC-::::,VCE=V
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Power Amplifiers 155 power. Moreove
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Power Amplifiers 157 In the low fre
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Power Amplifiers v f = Effective in
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Power Amplifiers 161 I max t Ie I m
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Power Amplifiers 163 i., V s ie is
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Power Amplifiers 165 P - V 21m OC-
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Power Amplifiers Po is maximum 2 VC
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Power Amplifiers 169 a pair of clos
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Power Amplifiers 171 Both the trans
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Power Amplifiers 173 Peak collector
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Power Amplifiers 175 A pushpull con
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Power Amplifiers 177 12V 0.8: 1 110
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Power Amplifiers 179 The turns rati
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Power Amplifzers 181 9ja = Junction
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Power Amplifzers 183 I. Amplifiers
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Power Ampiifzers 185 1. What are th
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Power Amplifiers 187 23. TD = ~D; +
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190 Electronic Circuit Analysis 5.1
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192 Electronic Circuit Analysis R ,
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194 Electronic Circuit Analysis Let
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196 Electronic Circuit Analysis Mag
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200 Electronic Circuit Analysis Exp
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202 Electronic Circuit Analysis L c
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204 Electronic Circuit Analysu. Sol
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206 Zon Rjl=RolIl\ Fig. 5.17 ro 2 Z
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208 Electronic Circuit Analysis Mag
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210 Electronic Circuit Analysis I.
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UNIT - 6 Tuned Amplifiers - II In t
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 21S Let P J =
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 217 But the d
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 219 Neglectin
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 221 Q eff =\-
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 223 C ,..-__-
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 225 For a shu
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 227 1 0) (LA
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 229 r-------p
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 231 Solving f
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 233 So the va
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Tuned Amplifiers - II 235 1. Draw t
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UNIT - 7 Voltage Regulators In this
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Voltage Regulators 239 7.1.1 Differ
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Voltage Regulators 241 I. The nomin
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Voltage Regulators 243 7.1.4 Series
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Voltage Regulators 245 + '13Y .....
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Voltage Regulators 247 V 2 15.6 R ~
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Voltage Regulators ==== The error a
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Voltage Regulators 251 1. The stabi
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Voltage Regulators 253 4. Sampling
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258 Electronic Circuit Analysis No
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260 Electronic Circuit Analysis The
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264 Electronic Circuit Analysis I m
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270 Electronic Circuit Analysis Xc
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272 Electronic Circuit Analysis Exa
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274 Electronic Circuit Analysis ,.2
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276 Electronic Circuit Analysis Not
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278 Electronic Circuit Analysjs The
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280 Electronic Circuit Analysis Exa
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282 Electronic Circuit Analysis Rec
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284 - Electronic Circuit Analysis S
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288 Electronic Circuit Analysis 50
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292 Eleetronic Circuit Analysis 2.
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296 Electronic Circuit Analysis 1.
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APPENDIX-l Colour Codes for Electro
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APPENDIX 301 --=>- ~ / x W --9JE)-
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APPENDIX 303 Typical Standard Resis
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APPENDIX-3 Capacitors Capacitance T
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APPENDIX 30', Paper capacitors are
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APPENDIX 309 Foil Electrolyte soake
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APPENDIX-4 Inductors Magnetic Flux
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APPENDIX 313 J\ II II 1/ II II II (
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APPENOIX-5 Miscellaneous Ionic Bond
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APPENDIX 317 Porcelain coating wire
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APPENDIX 319 More Resistors 14 pin
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APPENDIX 321 The right-hand rule fo
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APPENDIX 323 -- Flux N (a) Single-t
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APPENDIX-6 Circuit Symbols 1 1 - 1
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APPENDIX-7 Unit Conversion Factors
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APPENDIX 329 Velocity Units mileslh
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APPENDIX 331 19 0.912 26.3 35.9 8.0
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Index Amplifiers 2, 21, 31 A common
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Electronic Circuit Analysis

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