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One common format for Web services in education is the <strong>Learning</strong> Tools Interoperability standard.<br />
The IMS Global <strong>Learning</strong> Consortium developed this standard, and information about the<br />
specification can be found on its website. This standard allows learning management systems<br />
to exchange data with other learning tools and applications approved for use by the school so<br />
that students can have a seamless learning experience even if they are using apps created by<br />
different developers.<br />
Data interoperability and standards. Regardless of whether you enable data sharing through<br />
an existing or custom application program interface or through a data export option, in order<br />
to be useful, the data need to be in a common format. For example, when transferring student<br />
data between systems, should a system indicate gender as M or F or as male or female? Should<br />
the name of the field be student name or first name? These are essential items to define if we are<br />
going to allow students to move seamlessly between learning apps. Fortunately, data interoperability<br />
frameworks have been established to ensure data are presented in usable formats. In<br />
additional to the CEDS mentioned earlier, the following are examples of existing frameworks,<br />
resources, and organizational alliances that address the issue of data interoperability:<br />
• The Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF) is an open data sharing specification that<br />
includes an Extensible Markup Language (XML) for modeling educational data and service-oriented<br />
architecture for sharing the data between institutions.<br />
• The Interoperability Standards for Education: Working Together to Strategically Connect<br />
the K–12 Enterprise, developed by CoSN, is a primer for education leaders to better understand<br />
issues related to building technology infrastructures that support learning.<br />
• The Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council is a nonprofit umbrella organization that<br />
promotes the implementation and usage of data exchange standards.<br />
• The Ed-Fi Alliance supports the creation of common data standards for communication<br />
among educational tools. Ed-Fi focuses on providing educators with dashboard starter kits<br />
showing real-time data displays.<br />
OFFICE OF Educational Technology<br />
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