KEY ISSUES FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE G20

1. Chapter 2 discusses policies for addressing the barriers to deploying high-quality broadband infrastructure in
more detail, including issues related to infrastructure for the IoT.
2. Backhaul facilities are the intermediate links that transport traffic to the core of a network, after which it is
further distributed through a hierarchical structure on that network or to others around the world (i.e. over
larger backbone networks).
3. Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is an international telecommunications standard that
permits the addition of high-bandwidth data transfer to an existing cable television system.
4. ETSI has also a direct representation mode.
5. This approach is rooted in five key elements: fostering confidence and protecting opportunities; collective
responsibility; fundamental properties and values; evolution and consensus; and think globally, act locally.
6. “Semantic interoperability is achieved when interacting systems attribute the same meaning to an exchanged
piece of data, ensuring consistency of the data across systems regardless of individual data format” (Murdock,
2016).
7. In this section, the expression “data protection” refers to the protection of personal data. However, some
technical experts also use it sometimes as a synonym for “digital security” or “information security”.
8. "Personal data should be protected by reasonable security safeguards against such risks as loss or unauthorised
access, destruction, use, modification or disclosure of data" (OECD, 2013d).
9. This work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright. The use of the ONS statistical data in this
work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical
data. This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce National Statistics aggregates.
10. In order to assess whether disparities are present between firm size and age for other types of advanced
software, this chapter also exploits an ICT specific panel dataset known as the CiTDB. This dataset surveys larger
firms and is composed of plant level information of either a stand-alone firms with 100 or more employees, or a
plant with less than 100 employees connected to a multi-plant firm. Any plant-level adoption gap identified here
is therefore likely to be a lower bound compared to a representative sample of plants, since the dataset is
comprised of older more established firms.
11. This suggests that the results are robust to possible mismeasurement of firm entry in business registers due to
legal changes in firm names and status or mergers and acquisition activities.
12. The toolkit is available in 17 languages and can be downloaded at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/assessmenttoolkit.htm.