KEY ISSUES FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE G20

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computers will rather increase). At the same time, “digital natives” are on the rise. On average, 15-year-olds in a range of <strong>G20</strong> economies spend about three hours per day on the Internet on a typical weekday. % 40 All users Of which users with insufficient ICT skills 30 20 10 0 Notes: Problem Solving in Technology Rich Environments (PSTRE) assessment data for France, Italy and Spain are not available and not included in the average. Individuals in the following categories of the PSTRE assessment are excluded from the analysis: “No computer experience”; “Opted out of computer based assessment”; “Failed ICT core/Missing”. Source: OECD, based on PIAAC Database, January 2016. To realise the potential of the digital transformation for growth and well-being, greater co-operation in developing coherent strategies for digital privacy and security, and implementing privacy and security risk management frameworks, are essential, as is the protection of consumers engaged in the digital economy through e-commerce and other activities. Issues around access to data, use and ownership of data, as well as safety, are particularly relevant as the IoT, and with it billions of interconnected devices, becomes a reality. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks are a well-publicised and relatively common form of cyber-attack. These attacks aim to make machines or network resources unavailable by interrupting or suspending the services of a host connected to the Internet by flooding the host site using multiple machines, often remotely controlled via malware. In general, large firms are more prone to DoS attacks. At the global level and in absolute terms, China, the United States and the Russian Federation lead both in terms of DoS attacks originating from or targeting each geographical area (Figure 20). These measures are highly correlated, suggesting to some extent the domestic nature of many attacks. Exceptions include Canada, Italy, and Spain, which receive many more attacks than they originate.
Target Origin DDoS attacks 10 000 000 1 000 000 100 000 10 000 1 000 100 Source: OECD (2014b). Another trust-related metric includes the share of firms that that have a formally defined policy that deals with digital security. On average, just over 30% of all EU firms had such a policy in place, compared to just over 20% in Turkey (Figure 21). While currently available only for some European countries and Turkey, this data underscores that while challenging, it is possible to develop trust metrics with the active support of governments in carrying out the relevant firm-level surveys (see Box 2). % 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: Eurostat, November 2016.
Page 1 and 2: KEY ISSUES FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATI
Page 3 and 4: Key Issues for Digital Transformati
Page 5 and 6: Figures Figure 1. Fixed broadband s
Page 7 and 8: As the cost of data collection, sto
Page 9 and 10: Open, voluntary standards, grounded
Page 11 and 12: Digitalisation is changing the worl
Page 14 and 15: It is useful to start with a brief
Page 16 and 17: In the past, there has also been un
Page 18 and 19: Having established a positive relat
Page 20 and 21: However, despite the rapid spread o
Page 22 and 23: 160 % 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Not
Page 24 and 25: % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 26 and 27: show that large firms have much gre
Page 28 and 29: % 2011-14 2006-09 60 EUIPO USPTO 50
Page 30 and 31: component may include repatriated i
Page 34: The risk related to cybercrime and
Page 37 and 38: % 100 Gap 1st and 3rd quartiles Ave
Page 39 and 40: Research has shown that the availab
Page 41 and 42: 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Not
Page 43 and 44: Recent research points to a set of
Page 45 and 46: knowledge sharing by upholding the
Page 47 and 48: skilled labour. Thus, trapping reso
Page 49 and 50: wireless access, the two technologi
Page 51 and 52: network infrastructure sometimes ha
Page 53 and 54: separation of infrastructure and se
Page 55 and 56: other network on the Internet (CIDR
Page 57 and 58: Certain policies promote good use o
Page 59 and 60: Francisco Project”, for example,
Page 61 and 62: Encourage the deployment of more fi
Page 63 and 64: In telecommunications, both fixed a
Page 65 and 66: sufficiently compelling for operato
Page 67 and 68: However, data provides additional c
Page 69 and 70: deductions on investments in seed a
Page 71 and 72: early-stage investment can affect i
Page 73 and 74: The development of standards and st
Page 75 and 76: A positive example of co-operation
Page 77 and 78: As actors navigate the IoT space, t
Page 79 and 80: The private-sector-led standards pa
Page 81 and 82: Co-operation among standardisation
Page 83 and 84:
Fixed-line communications, wireless
Page 85 and 86:
the ICT sector tends to outpace reg
Page 87 and 88:
Digitalisation is associated with f
Page 89 and 90:
end user (European Commission, 2016
Page 91 and 92:
The Internet model of traffic excha
Page 93 and 94:
G20 economies could develop strateg
Page 95 and 96:
technologies, and in particular the
Page 97 and 98:
in the United States where criminal
Page 99 and 100:
about digital security risk and how
Page 101 and 102:
conduct of cybercrimes and digital
Page 103 and 104:
The G8 Deauville Declaration outlin
Page 105 and 106:
To ensure that everyone can engage
Page 107 and 108:
ICT specialists have been among the
Page 109 and 110:
Initiatives to promote consumer edu
Page 111 and 112:
All Welding Processing Handling Dis
Page 113 and 114:
economies and societies need to per
Page 115 and 116:
The development of strategies that
Page 117 and 118:
The use of digital technologies is
Page 119 and 120:
These adoption gaps between large f
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 44 (Panel B) illustrates a s
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Frontier firms Laggards Frontier fi
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Despite the steady increase busines
Page 127 and 128:
YouTube to watch media content; Ube
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Platforms are often criticised for
Page 131 and 132:
The potential and pitfalls of digit
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Cross-border commerce has long gene
Page 135 and 136:
Digitalisation is changing the worl
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Digital technologies have a huge re
Page 139 and 140:
One approach is to accept the fact
Page 141 and 142:
and income opportunities. Becoming
Page 143 and 144:
South Korea has opened numerous “
Page 146 and 147:
The ongoing digitalisation of our e
Page 148 and 149:
Developing tools for assessing the
Page 150 and 151:
data across borders, transportation
Page 152 and 153:
BCG (2012), ”The Internet Economy
Page 154 and 155:
Deloitte (2015), “Connected Healt
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Karachalios, K. and K. McCabe (2016
Page 158 and 159:
OECD (2016m), “The Internet of Th
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OECD (2012d), Connected Minds: Tech
Page 162 and 163:
The Economist Intelligence Unit (20
Page 164 and 165:
1. Chapter 2 discusses policies for
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KEY ISSUES FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE G20

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