HIV/AIDS Treatment and Care : Clinical protocols for the European ...

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106 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINICAL PROTOCOLS FOR THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION Type Symptoms Possible causes Disease-specific treatment Symptom-specific treatment Use of fan, open windows, oxygen Opioids Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, atovaquone etc. Respiratory Dyspnoea PCP Bronchodilators Methyl xanthines Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) Other antibiotics Erythropoietin, transfusion Drainage/radiation/ surgery Bacterial pneumonia Anaemia Pleural effusion/mass/ obstruction, decreased respiratory muscle function Cough suppressants (dextromethorphan, codeine, other opioids) Anti-infective treatment (as above) Antituberculosis chemotherapy Cough PCP, bacterial pneumonia Decongestants, expectorants (various) TB Antibiotics as indicated Atropine, hyoscine, transdermal or subcutaneous scopolamine, glycopyrrolate, fluid restriction Discontinuation of intravenous fluids Fluid shifts, ineffective cough, sepsis, pneumonia Increased secretions (“death rattle”) Emollients with or without salicylates Lubricating ointments Hydration Dialysis Nutritional support Dermatologic Dry skin Dehydration End-stage renal disease End-stage liver disease malnutrition Topical agents (menthol, phenol, calamine, capsaicin) Antihistamines (hydroxyzine, cetirizine, diphenhydramine) Antifungals Dialysis Hydration Steroids, antifungals Pruritus Fungal infection End-stage renal disease End-stage liver disease dehydration Eosinophilic folliculitis Corticosteroids Antidepressants Anxiolytics Prevention (nutrition, mobility, skin integrity) Wound protection (semi-permeable film/hydrocolloid dressing) Improve nutrition Increase mobility Decubiti/pressure sores Poor nutrition Decreased mobility, prolonged bed rest Debridement (normal saline, enzymatic agents, alginates)
Type Symptoms Possible causes Disease-specific treatment Symptom-specific treatment Neuropsychiatric Delirium/agitation Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration Correct imbalances, hydration Neuroleptics (haloperidol, risperidone, chlorpromazine) Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis Sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine antifungals Sepsis Antibiotics Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, midazolam) Dementia AIDS-related dementia HAART Psychostimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine) Low dose neuroleptics (haloperidol) Psychostimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine) Antidepressants (tricyclics, SSRIs, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, other) Depression Chronic illness, reactive depression, major depression Corticosteroids (prednisone, dexamethasone) a NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Note: not all medications will be available in all settings. Source: Selwyn & Forstein (34). palliative care for people living with hiv 107
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE Clinica
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© World Health Organization 2007 A
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iv Acknowledgements The editors wou
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vi Marco Vitoria (WHO headquarters)
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viii CRP C-reactive protein CS caes
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x LFT liver function test LGE linea
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xii TDM therapeutic drug monitoring
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xiv Introduction HIV is a chronic i
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Annex 7. Glossary .................
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINICA
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINICA
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10 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLIN
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1 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINI
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I. Principles management of opportu
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158 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLI
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Contents I. Policy and principles .
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I. Policy and principles HIV/AIDS T
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE FOR INJ
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° bacterial pneumonia ° endocardi
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Social factors are: • homelessnes
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Table 3. Interactions between ARV d
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Other medications Use Rifampicin (R
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Table 5. Interactions of illicit dr
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ANNEX 1 ASI6 C © 2004 University o
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• Cardiovascular Hypertension Tac
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Contents I. Epidemiology and natura
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ManageMent of Hepatitis C and HiV C
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Annex 3. Alcohol screening question
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Table 16. a sample of the drug pipe
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3.2. Considerations regarding treat
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278 hiv/aids tReatment and caRe cLi
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I. Prevention strategies Prevention
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Prevention of HePatitis a, B, C and
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Prevention of HePatitis a, B, C and
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5. Contraceptive methods for women
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I. Policy issues Prevention of Hiv
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III. Initial evaluation Prevention
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Prevention of Hiv transmission from
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6. Fungal infections...............
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• Disseminated non-tuberculous my
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Annex 3. Rabies vaccines ..........
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442 hIv/aIds tReatment and caRe clI
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Contents I. Policy issues .........
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I. Policy issues post-exposure prop
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post-exposure prophylaxis for hiv i
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° condom use ° presence of STIs (
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Table 3. thre- drug arv regimens Pr
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VI. Suggested minimum data to be co
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History of antiretroviral treatment
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Test results: HBV: HCV: HIV: Post-t
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Infection control standard precauti
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The World Health Organization (WHO)
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