HIV/AIDS Treatment and Care : Clinical protocols for the European ...

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Contents I. Epidemiology of TB, TB/HIV/AIDS and reciprocal influence of TB and HIV.................. 135 1. Epidemiology of TB.............................................................................................................. 135 2. Epidemiology of TB/HIV coinfection................................................................................... 135 3. Reciprocal influence of HIV and TB..................................................................................... 136 3.1. Influence of HIV on the development of active TB....................................................... 136 3.2. Influence of HIV on the transmission of TB.................................................................. 136 3.3. Influence of HIV on the clinical presentation of TB...................................................... 136 3.4. Influence of TB on HIV morbidity and mortality.......................................................... 136 II. Identification of TB/HIV in adults and adolescents............................................................ 137 1. TB risk assessment and diagnosis in PLHIV ........................................................................ 137 2. HIV risk assessment and diagnosis in patients with TB ....................................................... 137 III. Clinical management of TB/HIV in adults and adolescents............................................. 139 1. Management of coinfected patients ...................................................................................... 139 2. Management of coinfected patients with active TB.............................................................. 139 2.1. TB treatment .................................................................................................................. 139 2.2. Initiation of antiretroviral treatment............................................................................... 140 2.3. First-line HAART regimens........................................................................................... 141 2.3.1. Key considerations for first-line regimens........................................................... 141 2.3.2. Treatment failure.................................................................................................. 141 2.4. Second-line HAART regimens ...................................................................................... 142 2.4.1. Key considerations for second-line regimens ...................................................... 142 2.5. ARV and TB drug interactions and management........................................................... 142 2.6. Cotrimoxazole primary prophylaxis .............................................................................. 143 3. Clinical management of TB/HIV in special conditions ........................................................ 143 3.1. Renal failure................................................................................................................... 143 3.2. Liver disease .................................................................................................................. 143 3.3. Women of childbearing age ........................................................................................... 144 3.4. Pregnant women............................................................................................................. 144 3.5. Injecting drug users........................................................................................................ 144 4. Monitoring TB/HIV-coinfected patients ............................................................................... 145 4.1. Monitoring TB treatment ............................................................................................... 145 4.2. Monitoring antiretroviral treatment ............................................................................... 145 4.3. Adherence to TB treatment and ARV treatment ............................................................ 146 IV. Identification of TB/HIV in infants and children............................................................... 148 1. Identification of TB in HIV-infected infants and children .................................................... 148 2. Identification of HIV in children with active TB .................................................................. 149 V. Clinical management of TB/HIV in children........................................................................ 150 1. Treatment of TB .................................................................................................................... 150 2. Treatment of HIV/AIDS........................................................................................................ 150 2.1. Initiation of ART............................................................................................................ 150 2.2. Recommended HAART regiments ................................................................................ 151 2.3. Key considerations for ARV drugs ................................................................................ 151 2.4. Cotrimoxazole primary prophylaxis .............................................................................. 151 3. Monitoring of TB/HIV-coinfected children .......................................................................... 151
VI. Suggested minimum data to be collected at the clinical level........................................... 152 Annex 1. TB drugs (adults, adolescents and children)............................................................. 153 Annex 2. ARV drugs (adults and adolescents).......................................................................... 154 References..................................................................................................................................... 156
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE Clinica
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© World Health Organization 2007 A
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iv Acknowledgements The editors wou
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vi Marco Vitoria (WHO headquarters)
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viii CRP C-reactive protein CS caes
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x LFT liver function test LGE linea
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xii TDM therapeutic drug monitoring
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xiv Introduction HIV is a chronic i
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Annex 7. Glossary .................
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINICA
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINICA
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10 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLIN
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1 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLINI
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I. Principles management of opportu
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management of opportunistic infecti
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Table 8. pcp second-line treatment
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Table 12. oesophageal and dissemina
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5.9.1.2. Treatment Table 15. treatm
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Social factors are: • homelessnes
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Table 3. Interactions between ARV d
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HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE FOR INJ
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Other medications Use Rifampicin (R
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Table 5. Interactions of illicit dr
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ANNEX 1 ASI6 C © 2004 University o
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• Cardiovascular Hypertension Tac
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Contents I. Epidemiology and natura
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ManageMent of Hepatitis C and HiV C
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Annex 3. Alcohol screening question
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Table 16. a sample of the drug pipe
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3.2. Considerations regarding treat
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278 hiv/aids tReatment and caRe cLi
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I. Prevention strategies Prevention
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Prevention of HePatitis a, B, C and
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Prevention of HePatitis a, B, C and
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5. Contraceptive methods for women
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314 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND CARE CLI
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I. Policy issues Prevention of Hiv
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III. Initial evaluation Prevention
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Prevention of Hiv transmission from
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6. Fungal infections...............
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• Disseminated non-tuberculous my
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Annex 3. Rabies vaccines ..........
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442 hIv/aIds tReatment and caRe clI
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Contents I. Policy issues .........
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I. Policy issues post-exposure prop
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post-exposure prophylaxis for hiv i
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° condom use ° presence of STIs (
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Table 3. thre- drug arv regimens Pr
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VI. Suggested minimum data to be co
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History of antiretroviral treatment
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Test results: HBV: HCV: HIV: Post-t
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Infection control standard precauti
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The World Health Organization (WHO)
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