HIV/AIDS Treatment and Care : Clinical protocols for the European ...

Contents
I. Principles ................................................................................................................................... 53
II. Management of opportunistic infections .............................................................................. 54
1. General information.............................................................................................................. 54
2. Initial evaluation ................................................................................................................... 54
3. Counselling patients on OIs and other conditions ................................................................ 55
4. OI prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients............................................................................... 56
5. Diagnosis and treatment of OIs ............................................................................................ 56
5.1. Respiratory infections.................................................................................................... 56
5.1.1. Bacterial respiratory infections............................................................................ 57
5.1.2. Atypical mycobacteriosis..................................................................................... 59
5.1.3. Pneumocystis pneumonia .................................................................................... 61
5.1.4. Other causes of pneumonia in immunosuppressed people.................................. 61
5.2. Gastrointestinal infections ............................................................................................ 62
5.3. Candidiasis .................................................................................................................... 62
5.4. Cryptococcal meningitis................................................................................................ 65
5.5. Histoplasmosis............................................................................................................... 66
5.6. Kaposi sarcoma ............................................................................................................. 67
5.7. Cervical cancer .............................................................................................................. 68
5.8. Other cancers ................................................................................................................. 68
5.8.1. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma..................................................................................... 68
5.8.2. Burkitt-type lymphoma........................................................................................ 69
5.9. Neurological infections ................................................................................................. 70
5.9.1. Toxoplasmosis ..................................................................................................... 70
5.9.2. Herpes simplex virus ........................................................................................... 71
5.9.3. Herpes zoster ....................................................................................................... 72
5.9.4. Cytomegalovirus infection .................................................................................. 73
5.9.5. Epstein-Barr virus-related conditions.................................................................. 75
III. General symptoms ................................................................................................................. 76
1. Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy in adults ............................................................. 76
2. Fever ................................................................................................................................... 77
3. Weight loss in adults ........................................................................................................... 77
4. Chronic diarrhoea in adults................................................................................................. 77
5. Oral lesions ......................................................................................................................... 78
6. Skin and nail conditions...................................................................................................... 78
6.1. Dermatomycosis .......................................................................................................... 78
6.2. Onychomycosis............................................................................................................ 79
6.3. Seborrhoeic dermatitis ................................................................................................. 79
6.4. Scabies ......................................................................................................................... 80
6.5. Staphylococcal folliculitis............................................................................................ 81
6.6. Molluscum contagiosum.............................................................................................. 81
References ..................................................................................................................................... 82