The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

xviii
The Java Language Specification
15.7.1 Evaluate Left-Hand Operand First 415
15.7.2 Evaluate Operands before Operation 416
15.7.3 Evaluation Respects Parentheses and Precedence 417
15.7.4 Argument Lists are Evaluated Left-to-Right 418
15.7.5 Evaluation Order for Other Expressions 419
15.8 Primary Expressions 420
15.8.1 Lexical Literals 420
15.8.2 Class Literals 421
15.8.3 this 421
15.8.4 Qualified this 422
15.8.5 Parenthesized Expressions 422
15.9 Class Instance Creation Expressions 423
15.9.1 Determining the Class being Instantiated 424
15.9.2 Determining Enclosing Instances 425
15.9.3 Choosing the Constructor and its Arguments 427
15.9.4 Run-time Evaluation of Class Instance Creation Expressions 428
15.9.5 Anonymous Class Declarations 429
15.9.5.1 Anonymous Constructors 429
15.9.6 Example: Evaluation Order and Out-of-Memory Detection 430
15.10 Array Creation Expressions 431
15.10.1 Run-time Evaluation of Array Creation Expressions 432
15.10.2 Example: Array Creation Evaluation Order 433
15.10.3 Example: Array Creation and Out-of-Memory Detection 434
15.11 Field Access Expressions 435
15.11.1 Field Access Using a Primary 435
15.11.2 Accessing Superclass Members using super 438
15.12 Method Invocation Expressions 440
15.12.1 Compile-Time Step 1: Determine Class or Interface to Search 440
15.12.2 Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature 442
15.12.2.1 Identify Potentially Applicable Methods 443
15.12.2.2 Phase 1: Identify Matching Arity Methods Applicable by Subtyping
445
15.12.2.3 Phase 2: Identify Matching Arity Methods Applicable by
Method Invocation Conversion 446
15.12.2.4 Phase 3: Identify Applicable Variable Arity Methods 446
15.12.2.5 Choosing the Most Specific Method 447
15.12.2.6 Method Result and Throws Types 450
15.12.2.7 Inferring Type Arguments Based on Actual Arguments 451
15.12.2.8 Inferring Unresolved Type Arguments 466
15.12.2.9 Examples 466
15.12.2.10 Example: Overloading Ambiguity 468
15.12.2.11 Example: Return Type Not Considered 468
15.12.2.12 Example: Compile-Time Resolution 469
15.12.3 Compile-Time Step 3: Is the Chosen Method Appropriate? 471
15.12.4 Runtime Evaluation of Method Invocation 473
15.12.4.1 Compute Target Reference (If Necessary) 473
15.12.4.2 Evaluate Arguments 474
15.12.4.3 Check Accessibility of Type and Method 475